> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 174](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33066514) of TL-2 Vol. VII > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/11540-1) LSID 11540-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78609) QID Q78609 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Welwitsch, Friedrich Martin Josef (1806-1872), Austrian botanist; Dr. med. Wien 1836; commissioned by the Unio Itineraria (Württemb. bot. Reiseverein) to collect in Portugal 1839; demonstrator and curator at the Lisboa Polytechnic; sent out by the Portuguese Government to collect plants in Angola 1853-1861, collecting also in other parts of S.W. Africa; working on his collection in Portugal 1861-1863, from 1863-1872 in London. **Abbreviated name**: *Welw.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Welw.*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection COI|COI]] (Portugal), [[Collection LISU|LISU]] (first set) and [[Collection BM|BM]] (Angola; second set, types of Hiern's *Cat.*); other material in [[Collection AWH|AWH]], [[Collection B|B]] (mainly destr.), [[Collection BAS|BAS]], [[Collection BM|BM]], [[Collection BR|BR]], [[Collection C|C]], [[Collection CGE|CGE]], [[Collection CN|CN]], [[Collection DBN|DBN]], [[Collection E|E]], [[Collection F|F]], [[Collection FI|FI]], [[Collection G|G]], [[Collection G|G]]-DC, [[Collection GOET|GOET]], [[Collection H|H]], [[Collection HAL|HAL]] (iter lusit.), [[Collection K|K]], [[Collection KIEL|KIEL]], [[Collection LE|LE]], [[Collection LY|LY]], [[Collection LZ|LZ]] (destr.), [[Collection M|M]], [[Collection MANCH|MANCH]], [[Collection MO|MO]], [[Collection MPU|MPU]], [[Collection NU|NU]], [[Collection OXF|OXF]], [[Collection P|P]], [[Collection PRE|PRE]], [[Collection REG|REG]], [[Collection STE|STE]], [[Collection STU|STU]], [[Collection TUR|TUR]], [[Collection W|W]], [[Collection WRSL|WRSL]], [[Collection Z|Z]]. *Exsiccatae*: *Cryptotheca lusitana* 1842-1850 (sets at [[Collection FH|FH]], [[Collection M|M]]). – *Phycotheca lusitana* 1842-1850, 156 nos. ([[Collection KIEL|KIEL]]). – See below, *Some notes*... 1853. *Manuscripts and correspondence*: see H. Dolezal (1959-1961) and P.I. Edwards (1973). – *Letters* at [[Collection BM|BM]], [[Collection G|G]], [[Collection K|K]], [[Collection LINN|LINN]], [[Collection UPS|UPS]]-UB. #### Bibliography and biography ADB 41: 699-702 (E. Wunschmann); AG 7: 255, 4: 622; Backer p. 664; Barnhart 3: 476 (b. 25 Feb 1806, d. 20 Oct 1872); BB p. 321; BL 1: 22, 323; Bossert p. 431; Clokie p. 263; Colmeiro 1: ccv; CSP 6: 318, 8: 1218; De Toni 1: cxxx, cxxxix; DNB 60: 243-245; Frank 3 (Anh.): 112; GR p. 443, p. 73; Hawksworth p. 186; Herder p. 484 \[index\]; Hortus 3: 1206; IH 1 (ed. 2): 82, (ed. 3): 91, (ed. 6): 366, (ed. 7): 346; Jackson p. 264, 353; Kelly p. 240; Klásterský p. 202; Lasègue p. 587 \[index\]; LS 6456, 28652-28654; Maiwald p. 108; Moebius p. 143; NI 2132; PR 10161, 10671, ed. 1: 11144; Rehder 5: 912; RS p. 148; SBC p. 134; TL-1/507, 1402; TL-2/2747, 6958, 11.610, 15.767, see indexes; Tucker 1: 14, 739, 3: 331; WU 54: 258-261; Urban-Berl. p. 273, 292, 323, 409; Zander ed. 10, p. 731, ed. 11, p. 834-835. #### Biofile - Almeida, J. de, O Dr. Frederico Welwitsch e a sua obra em Angola, Lisboa 1926-1928, 267 p., (repr. from Bol. Agên. gerai. Colón. Ano 2-4, 1926-1928, see Dolezal p. 427). - Anon., Bonplandia 6: 323. 1858 (Wawra met W. in Angola), 8: 109-110. 1860 (no news for 18 months), 9: 43. 1861 (letter W. to Hooker from S. Paolo de Loanda), 9: 183. 1861 (in Lisbon); Bot. Zeit. 30: 899. 1872 (obit. not.); Bull. Soc. bot. France 22 (bibl.): 192. 1875 (on division of collections); Cat. gén. livr. impr. Bibl. nat. 221: 92-93. 1974; Grande enc. port. bras. 36: 850-851. 1945; J. Bot. 10: 352. 1872 (d.), 11: 64. 1873 (lawsuit collections), 13: 128 (judge requests compromise), 255 ("study set" to Portugal; first set with copies of notes to BM). 1875, 15: 380. 1877 (inscription on tomb Kensal Green cemetery; Österr. bot. W. 7: 307. 1857 (work in Angola), 14: 122. 1864 (in London), 22: 407. 1872 (d.); Österr. Naturf. Techn. 20-22. 1951; Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1872-1873: xxxviii-xliv. - Ascherson, P., Bot. Zeit. 230: 899. 1872 (obit. not.). - Baur, K., Jahrb. Gesch. oberdeut. Reichsst. 16: 234, 263. 1970 (work for Unio itin.). - Bridson, G.D.R. et al., Nat. hist. mss. res. Brit. Isl. 446 \[index\]. 1980. - Brito, A., Hist. bot. Portugal 43-44. 1888. - Britten, J., J. Bot. 30: 70-97. 1895 (on the plants of the Apontamentos). - Candolle, Alph. de, Phytographie 458-459. 1880. - Coats, A.M., The plant hunters 249. 1969. - Dinter, K., Bahnstation "Welwitsch" in Deutsch-Sudwest-Afrika, 1 p. (unidentified reprint from a Vienna journal; copy at B: On a railroad station Welwitsch). - Dolezal, H., Port. Acta Biol. B. 6(3-4): 257-323. 1959, 7(1-3): 49/324-276/551. 1960-1961 (see note below: main biogr. bibl.); Friedr. Welwitsch vida e obra traduzido e anotado por A.W. Exell & E.J. Mendes, Lisboa 1974, 351 p.). - Edwards, P.I., Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 4(4): 291-303. 1972 (1973) (mss. corr. at BM, K, LINN). - Exell, A.W., Cat. vasc. pl. S. Tomé 1944, p. 9-10 (W. on S. Tomé). - Gossweiler, J., Bol. Soc. Broter. ser. 2. 13: 305. 1938-1939. - Gray, A., Amer. J. Sci. 105: 396-397. 1873. - Gruber, J., Etwas über den Lebenslauf des berühmten Naturforschers und Afrikareisenden... Klagenfurt 1875 (anonymous pamphlet distr. Maria Saal 1875 on the occasion of the placing of a memorial plaque; see Dolezal p. 427). - Hertel, H., Mitt. bot. Staatssaml. München 18: 325, 328, 334. 1982 (on *Cryptotheca*; reprod. label). - Hiern, W.P., J. Bot. 33: 139-141. 1895 (on date of publication: additions to Britten 1895); Cat. Afr. pl. Welwitsch 1: xix-xxv. 1896. - Kronfeld, E.M., Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch und die Welwitschia mirabilis, Wien 1909, 26 p. ("Schoenbrunnensia"; also in part in Z. Gartn.-Fr. 7: 107-108. 1911). - Lack, H.W. & C.-O. von Sydow, Willdenowia 14: 445. 1984 (letters to Reichenbach, Steudel). - Lowden, R.M., Taxon, Index pers. names vols. 1-30. 784. 1985. - Mendes, E.J., Garcia de Orta, Bot. 1(1-2): portr. and 1-2. 1973 (tribute). - Mendonça, A., ed., Colectânea de escritos doutrinários, florísticos e fitogeográficos de Frederico Welwitsch concernentes principalmente à flora de Angola. Lisboa 1945, xxviii, 443 p., introd. by J. Cayolla (important reproduction of original documents). - Morelet, P.M.A., Bull. Soc. bot. France 20 (C.R.): 78-81. 1873 (obit.). - Nelmes & Cuthbertson, Curt. Bot. Mag. Dedic. 1827-1927. 146. 1932. - Neilreich, A., Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 5: 42-43, 60. 1855. - Pires de Lima, C., Correspondencia official de Welwitsch, Trab. Inst. bot. "Dr. Gonçalo Sampaio", Porto 1949, 101 p. - Pittoni, J.C. v., Österr. bot. Z. 11: 40-42. 1861 (letter W. on last part of his stay in Angola). - Reinikka, M.A., A history of the orchid 174-178. s.d. - Robyns, A., Natural. belg. 55: 415-419. 1974 (Welwitschia et philatélie). - Sayre, G., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(1): 55-56. 1969, 19(3): 412. 1975 (coll.). - Stearn, W:T., Nat. Hist. Mus. S. Kensington 292-294, 303-304, 324. 1981. - Swinscow, T.D.V., Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 4(4): 269-289. 1972. - Tavares, C.N., Portug. Acta biol. ser. B. 6(3-4): 335-342. 1959 (letter). - Tomaschek, I., Jahrb. nat. Mus. Kärnten 5(2): 142-148. 1862 (reproduction of a mss. account by W. on a trip in Austria Aug-Sep 1829). - Trimen, H., J. Bot. 11: 1-11. 1873 (obit., portr.), 13: 380-382. 1875 (summary of events around disposal of collections). - Vallot, J., Bull. Soc. bot. France 29: 195-196. 1882 (Afr. coll.). - Wagenitz, G., Index coll. princ. herb. Gott. 175. 1982. - Welwitsch, F., Bonplandia 6: 231-236. 1858 (letters from Angola); J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 5: 182-187. 1861 (on the botany of Benguela..., includes first description of Welwitschia under the name *Tumboa*). - White, A. & B.L. Sloane, The Stapelieae ed. I. 206 \[index\]. 1933, ed. 2. 22 \[index\]. 1937. - Widder, F., Ber. deut. bot. Ges. 73(2): 50-57. 1960 (on name: commemorative plaque in Maria Saal and on the discovery of Welwitschia). - Willkomm, M., Grundz. Pfl.-Verbr. Iber. Halbins. 15-16. 1896 (Veg. Erde 1). - Wittrock, V.B., Acta Horti Berg. 3(2): 168. 1903 (on portr.). #### Main biography and bibliography H. Dolezal, *Friedrich Welwitsch. Leben und Werk.* 1961, reprinted from Portugaliae Acta Biologica B. 6(3-4): 257-323. 1959, 7(1-3): 49/435-376/551. 1960-1961. Contains a detailed biography, a study of his work, *Bibliographia Welwitschiana* (320 nos.; 1-39 publications by himself, 40-114 biogr. literature; 115-320 publications on W.'s collections; 321-476 general references), reproduction of original documents (96 letters, various archival material and eponymy). For the orthography of the family name (Dolezal found 14 variants: W. was baptized Welvich; he himself consistently used Welwitsch) see also F. Widder (1960). – The biographical text and the treatment of his works in Dolezal's original publication came out in a Portuguese translation in Lisbon 1974 (translated and annotated by A.W. Exell and F.J. Mendes). Dolezal's exemplary biography is not only a tribute to Welwitsch, but also to himself. We are proud to have had Dolezal among our earliest collaborators for TL-2. For Helmut Dolezal (1922-1981, see e.g. Taxon 32: 531. 1983, Mitt. Österr. Ges. Gesch. Naturw. 1: 47. 1981). #### Composite works - (1) Welwitsch distributed in Nov-Dec 1865: *Welwitschii iter angolense*: diagnoses plantarum novarum quas in Africa aequinoctiali et praesertim in regnis Angola et Benguela annis 1853-1860 collexit Fridericus Welwitsch. Sectio I. Londini: 1865. *Copy*: G, p. \[1\]-16. – Papers with this title were published in J. Bot. 2: 326-339. 1864 (J. Müller, Euphorb.), 3: 33-34. 1865 (B. Seemann, Hederac.) and 3: 329-333. 1865 (id. Bignon.). - (2) W.P.Hiern, *Catalogue of the African plants* collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-1861... London 1896-1901, 2 vols. – See TL-2/2747 (IDC 550). – For a modern assessment and information on dates of publication see W.T. Stearn, *The catalogue of the* *African plants* collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch (1896-1901) and its litigious background, *in* Garcia de Orta, Bot. 1(1-2): 101-104. 1973. – The introduction of the *Catalogue* contains a biography and bibliography of W. by Hiern on p. vii-xxv. #### Handwriting Candollea 34: 201-202. 1979. #### Eponymy *Velvitsia* Hiern (1898); *Welwitschia* J.D. Hooker (1863, *nom. cons.*); and the derived genus name *Welwitschiapites* N.A. Bolkhovitina ex R. Potonié (1958); *Welwitschiella* O. Hoffmann (1894); *Welwitschiella* Engler (1899); *Welwitschiina* Engler ex Dalla Torre et Harms (1901). *Note*: *Welwitschia* H.G.L. Reichenbach (1837, *nom. rej.*) probably is also an eponym but Reichenbach did not explain the source of the name. ### Publications ##### n.17.108. Dissertatio **Title** *Dissertatio* inauguralis phytologica sistens *synopsis Nostochinearum* Austriae inferions, quam consensu et auctoritate excellentissimi ac illustrissimi domini decani, nec non clarissimorum d.d. professorum pro doctoris medicinae laurea rite obtinenda in antiquissima ac celeberrima Universitate Vindobonensi publicae disquisitioni submittit. Fridericus Welwitsch, Carinthus e Mariae-Solio. In theses adnexas disputabitur in Universitatis aedibus die \[ \] mensis Maji. Vindobonae \[Wien\] (typis Congregationis Mechitaristicae) 1836. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Diss. syn. Nostoch.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Mai 1836, p. \[1\]-30, \[31-32, theses\]. *Copy*: B-S. *Commerical issue*: 1836, p. \[5\]-30. *Copies*: FH, NY, REG. – *Synopsis Nostochinearum* Austriae inferioris. Eine systematische Aufzaehlung der Gallert-Tange des Herzogthums Österreich Unter der Ens, mit naeherer Bezeichnung ihres Vorkommens und ihrer Fundorte... Wien (Gedruckt bey den P.P. Mechitaristen) 1836. Oct. (*Syn. Nostoch.*). *Follow-up*: *Systematische Aufzählung der Süsswasser-Algen* des Erzherzogthums Oesterreich unter der Enns, Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 7 (Abh.): 49-68. 1857 (Dolezal no. 5). *Preliminary Publ*.: *Beiträge zur cryptogamischen Flora Unter-Oesterreichs*. Farne und Moose. Beitr. Landesk. Oest. 4: 156-273. 1834 (Dolezal no. 3). ##### n.17.109. Some notes upon the cryptogamic portion of the plants collected in Portugal **Title** *Some notes upon the cryptogamic portion of the plants collected in Portugal* 1842-50. By Dr. Fried. Welwitsch. The Fungi by Rev. M J. Berkeley,... London (William Pamplin,...) 1853. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Notes crypt. pl. Portugal*. **Notes** *Co-author for fungi*: Miles Joseph Berkeley (1803-1889), see TL-2/1: 192-195. *Publ*.: 1853, p. \[1\]-12. *Copies*: PH, USDA. ##### n.17.110. Apontamentos phyto- geographicos **Title** Annaes do Conselho Ultramarino. Parte não official. *Apontamentos phytogeographicos* sobre a flora da provincia de Angola na Africa equinocial servindo de relatorio preliminar acerca da exploração botanica da mesma provincia pelo doctor Frederico Welwitsch (S. Paulo de Loanda. Junho 1853)... \[cover: Boletin e annaes do Conselho ultramarino... Lisboa (Imprensa nacional) 1858 \[i.e. 1859\]. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Apont.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Dec 1859 (p. 593 dated 15 Nov 1859), published as Ann. Conselho Ultramar. ser. 1: \[527\]-593. Dezembro 1858 (but publ. Dec 1859). *Copies*: G; IDC 5506. – The note on p. 593, dated 15 Nov 1859, by Bento Antonio Alves, is followed by a note of the editor apologizing for the delay in publication. – Reprinted in A. de Mendonça, Colectânea de escritos... de Frederico Welwitsch, Lisboa 1945, p. 101-205 (incl. the notes by B.A. Alves). – See Dolezal no. 21; Britten (1895) and Hiern (1895). ##### n.17.111. La végétation du Plateau de Huilla **Title** Lettre du Dr Welwitsch à M. Alph. de Candolle sur *La végétation du Plateau de Huilla* dans le Benguela et observations de M. de Candolle à ce sujet... \[tiré de la Bibliothèque universelle... 1861...\]. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Jul 1861 (in journal), p. \[1\]-14. *Copies*: G, HH, MO. – Reprinted and to be cited from Bibl. univ. 11: 193-206. 1861. – Reprinted in A. de Mendonça, Colectânea de escritos... de Frederico Welwitsch, Lisboa 1945, p. 235-247. – See also J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 5: 182-188. 1861. ##### n.17.112. Synopse explicativa **Title** *Synopse explicativa* das amostras *de madeiras e drogas medicinaes* e de outros objectos mormente ethnographicos collegidos na provincia de Angola enviados á exposição international de Londres em 1862 incluindo os que foram offerecidos ao gabinete pharmacologico da Escola medico-cirurgica de Lisboa... Lisboa (Impressa nacional) 1862. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Syn. madeir. drog. med.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1862 (p. \[4\]: 20 Sep 1862), p. \[1\]-56. *Copies*: BM (with author's annot.), H, USDA. *Reprint*: *in* A. de Mendonça, Colectânea de escritos... de Frederico Welwitsch, Lisboa 1945, p. 269-333. *Preliminary studies*: Gazeta méd. Lisboa 1862, nos. 14-17 (n.v.). ##### n.17.113. Fungi angolenses **Title** *Fungi angolenses*... part I... London (printed by Taylor and Francis,...) 1868. †. Oct. **Notes** *Co-author*: Frederick Currey (1819-1881), TL-2/1: 573. *Publ*.: 11 Apr 1868 (in journal), p. \[i\], \[279\]-294, *pl. 17-20. Copies*: G, HH, MO. – Reprinted and to be cited from Trans. Linn. Soc. 26(1): \[279\]-294, *pl. 17-20.* 1868. ##### n.17.114. Sertum Angolense **Title** *Sertum Angolense*, sive stirpium quarundam novarum vel minus cognitarum in itinere per Angolam et Benguellam observatarum descriptio iconibus illustrata tentavit Fridericus Welwitsch... \[Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27(1). 1869\], \[i.e. 1870\]. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Sert. angol.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1 Jan 1870 (S. Raphael, Biol. Linn. Soc. London 1(4): 72. 1970), p. \[i-iv, journal material\], \[1\]-94, *pl. 1-11, 11a, 12-25* (uncol. liths. W.H. Fitch). *Copies*: B, BR, G, HH, M, MO, NY, U; IDC 5507. – Dolezal no. 34. *Ref*.: H.S., Bot. Zeit. 30: 125-127. 23 Feb, 139-141. 1 Mar 1872 (rev.).