> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 66](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33066406) of TL-2 Vol. VII > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/11406-1) LSID 11406-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679184) QID Q679184 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Ward, Lester Frank (1841-1913), American botanist, philosopher and sociologist; in the Union army 1862-1864; with the U.S. Treasury Department, Washington, D.C. 1865-1881; A.B. Columbian College \[later George Washington Univ.\] 1869, A.M. ib. 1872; turned to botany in 1872; assistant geologist with the United States Geological Survey 1881, geologist ib. 1883, palaeontologist ib. 1892; from ca. 1881 also active as a sociologist, pioneer of evolutionary sociology in the United States. **Abbreviated name**: *Ward* \[standard form in IPNI: *Ward*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection US|US]]. – Other material in [[Collection A|A]], [[Collection AK|AK]], [[Collection BH|BH]], [[Collection BUF|BUF]], [[Collection CGE|CGE]], [[Collection CM|CM]], [[Collection F|F]], [[Collection GH|GH]], [[Collection ILL|ILL]], [[Collection K|K]], [[Collection MO|MO]], [[Collection NA|NA]], [[Collection NY|NY]], [[Collection PH|PH]]. – *Manuscript* material, books and letters at Brown University, Library of Congress, Smithsonian Institution and U.S. Geological Survey; *further letters* e.g. at [[Collection FH|FH]], [[Collection G|G]], [[Collection GH|GH]], [[Collection NY|NY]]. – Personal diary destroyed except for 1860-1870 period (see Ward 1935). #### Bibliography and biography Andrews p. 345; Barnhart 3: 458 (b. 18 Jun 1841, d. 18 Apr 1913); BJI 1: 61; BL 1: 172, 323; Bossert p. 426; CSP 11: 748, 12: 769-770, 19: 470; DAB 19: 430-432. 1936 (J.Q.D.); Ewan ed. 1: 331-332, ed. 2: 232; IH 1 (ed. 6): 365, (ed. 7): 345; Lenley p. 427; Morren ed. 10, p. 116; MW p. 524; Quenstedt p. 452; SIA see indexes; TL-2/see indexes; Tucker 1: 731, 2: xxxix, 3: 326. #### Biofile - Andrews, H.N., Fossil hunters 14-17, 73, 79, 208-211. 1980. - Anon., Amer. J. Sci. 185: 642. 1913 (d.); Amer. men sci. ed. 1: 335. 1906, ed. 2: 493. 1910; Appleton's Cycl. Amer. biogr. 6: 351. 1889; Brit. Mus. gen. cat. print. books 252: 914-916. 1965; Cat. gén. livr. impr. Bibl. natl. 218: 306-309. 1973; Geol. Mag. 1913: 336; Natl. Cycl. Amer. biogr. 13: 112-113. 1906; Science ser. 2. 37: 626. 1913 (d.); Torreya 13: 120. 1913 (obit. not.); Who's who America 1-8. 1899-1915; Who was who Amer. 1: 1298. 1968. - Brown, J.H., Lamb's Biogr. dict. U.S. 7: 490. 1903. - Burnham, J.C., Amer. Quart. 6(3): 259-265. 1954 (L.F. Ward as a natural scientist). - Cape, E.P., Lester F. Ward, a personal sketch. New York, London 1922, 208 p. (biogr., portr.). - Elliott, C.A., Biogr. dict. Amer. sci. 265. 1979. - Geiser, S.W., Field and Laboratory 27: 234. 1959 (Texas coll.). - Hollick, A., Science ser. 2. 38: 75-77. 1913 (obit.). - Kunitz, S.J: & H. Haycraft, American authors 1600-1900. 780-781, s.d. - Nickles, J.M., Geol. lit. N. Amer. 1785-1918. I. Bibl. 1066-1068. 1923 (bibl.). - Rodgers, A.D., Amer. bot. 1873-1892. 50, 191, 208, 232-233, 313. 1944. - Sayre, G., Bryologist 80: 520. 1977. - Scott, C.H., Lester Frank Ward, Boston 1976, 192 p. (biogr., portr., selected bibl.; list of publ. letters and diary). - Stern, B.J., Sci. Mon. 40: 375-379. 1935 (letters A.R. Wallace to L.F. Ward); Amer. Sociol. Rev. 3: 362-401. 1938, 11: 593-605, 734-738. 1946, 12: 703-720. 1947, 13: 82-94. 1948, 14: 88-119. 1949 (Ward-Ross corr.). - Vosper, J.M., *in* J.F. Ohles, ed., *in* Biogr. dict. Amer. educators 3: 1344-1345. 1979. - Ward, L.F., Glimpses of the Cosmos, New York 1913-1918, 6 vols.; Young Ward's diary, ed. B.J. Stern, 1935, x, 321 p. (autobiogr. 1860-1870). #### Eponymy *Wardia* D. White (1904). ### Publications ##### n.16.683. Texas plants **Title** *Texas plants* collected by Lester F. Ward. Washington, D.C. 1877. **Abbreviated title**: *Texas pl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1877, p. \[i-ii\], \[1\]-5. *Copy*: US. ##### n.16.684. Guide to the flora of Washington and vicinity **Title** *Guide to the flora of Washington and vicinity*... Washington (Government Printing Office) 1881. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Guide pl. Washington*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1881 (p. 6: 25 Dec 1881; Bot. Gaz. Jun 1882; Bot. Zeit. 28 Jul 1882; Bot. Centralbl. 17-21 Jul 1882; Nat. Nov. Jul(1) 1882), p. \[1\]-264, \[265, err.\], map. *Copies*: B, FH, HH, M, MICH, MO, NY, US, USDA. – Also issued as Bull. U.S. Natl. Museum 22, 1881, Dept. Interior U.S. Natl. Mus. 26. *Field and closet notes* on the Flora of Washington and vicinity, Phil. Soc. Washington, Bull. 4: 64-119. 1881. ##### n.16.685. Checklist. Flora of Washington **Title** 461 *Checklist. Flora of Washington*, D.C, and vicinity... Washington (published by the Smithsonian Institution) 1882. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1882 (Bot. Centralbl. 8-12 Oct 1883; Nat. Nov. Sep(1) 1883), p. \[147\]-207. *Copies*: HH, US, USDA. – Reprinted and to be cited from Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 22: \[147\]-207. 1882. *Additions*: *List of plants added to the Flora of Washington* from April 1, 1882, to April 1, 1884 ... \[i, recto of 84\], 84-87. 10 Apr 1884 (*copy*: US), preprinted from Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 84-87. 1884. ##### n.16.686. Directions for collecting and preserving plants **Title** 460. *Directions for collecting and preserving plants*... Washington (published by the Smithsonian Institution) 1882. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1882, cover, p. \[207\]-237. *Copy*: US. – Reprinted and to be cited from Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 22: 207-237. 1882. ##### n.16.687. Sketch of paleobotany **Title** *Sketch of paleobotany*... Washington (Government Printing Office) 1885. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1885, cover-t.p., p. 357-469, *pl. 56-58. Copy*: HH. – Reprinted and to be cited from Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1883-1884: 357-469, *pl. 56-58.* 1885. ##### n.16.688. Synopsis of the flora of the Laramie Group **Title** *Synopsis of the flora of the Laramie Group*... \[Washington, D.C. 1885\]. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1885, p. 399-557, *pl. 31-65. Copies*: HH, NY. – Reprinted and to be cited from Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 6: 399-557, *pl. 31-65.* 1885. *Ref*.: Bot. Gaz. 12(12): 299-300. Dec 1887 (dates the publication "1886"). ##### n.16.689. Types of the Laramie flora **Title** *Types of the Laramie flora*... Washington (Government Printing Office) 1887. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Types Laramie fl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1887 (p. \[iii\]: 15 Apr 1887; Bot. Gaz. Dec 1887 (rev.); Bot. Zeit. 27 Apr 1888), p. \[i-iii\], \[1\]-354. *pl. 1-57* (uncol. liths.). *Copies*: G, HH, MO, NY. – Issued as Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. 37. ##### n.16.690. The geographical distribution of fossil plants **Title** *The geographical distribution of fossil plants*... Washington (Government Printing Office) 1889. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1889 (Bot. Zeit. 29 Aug 1890), cover-t.p., p. 663-960, *pl. 61* (map). *Copies*: HH, NY. – Reprinted and to be cited from Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. 8: 663-960, *pl. 61.* 1889. *Ref*.: Staub (Budapest), Bot. Centralbl. 45: 312-314. 11 Mar 1891 (rev.). ##### n.16.691. The course of biologic evolution **Title** *The course of biologic evolution*... Annual address of the president of the Biological Society... Washington, D.C. (printed for the Society) 1890. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Course biol. evol.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1890 (read 25 Jan 1890), p. \[1\]-33. *Copies*: G, HH, MO, PH. ##### n.16.692. Neo-Darwinism and Neo-Lamarckism **Title** *Neo-Darwinism and Neo-Lamarckism*... Washington, D.C. (Press of Gedney & Roberts) 1891. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1891 (read 24 Jan 1891), cover-t.p., p. \[11\]-71. *Copy*: NY. – Reprinted and to be cited from Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 6: 11-71. 1891. – Annual address president. ##### n.16.693. Fossil Cycadean trunks of North America **Title** *Fossil Cycadean trunks of North America*, with a revision of the genus Cycadeoidea Buckland... Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington... 1894. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 9 Apr 1894, p. \[75\]-87. *Copy*: HH. – Reprinted and to be cited from Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 9: 75-88. 1894. ##### n.16.694. The nomenclature question **Title** *The nomenclature question*... Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club... 1895. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Jul 1895, cover-t.p., p. \[308\]-329. *Copies*: NY, US. – Reprinted and to be cited from Bull. Torrey bot. Club 22(7): \[308\]-329. 1895. ##### n.16.695. Some analogies **Title** *Some analogies* \["anlogies"\] *in the Lower Cretaceous of Europe and America* \[Washington, D.C. 1895\]. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1895, p. 463-540, *pl. 47-107. Copies*: BR, MO. – Reprinted and to be cited from Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 16(1): 463-540, *pl. 47-107.* \[1894-\] 1895. ##### n.16.696. Description of the species of Cycadeoidea **Title** *Description of the species of Cycadeoidea*, or fossil Cycadean trunks, thus far discovered in the iron ore belt, *Potomac formation*, of Maryland... Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington... 1897. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 13 Mar 1897, p. 1-17. *Copy*: HH. – Reprinted and to be cited from Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 11: 1-17. 1897. ##### n.16.697. Descriptions of the species of Cycadeoidea **Title** *Descriptions of the species of Cycadeoidea*, or fossil Cycadean trunks, thus far determined from the Lower Cretaceous of the *Black Hills*... Washington (Government Printing Office\] 1898. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1898, cover-t.p., p. 195-229. *Copies*: B, FI, HH, NY. – Reprinted and to be cited from Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 21: 195-229. 1898 (no. 1141). ##### n.16.698. The cretaceous formation of the Black Hills **Title** *The cretaceous formation of the Black Hills* as indicated by the fossil plants... Washington (Government Printing Office) 1899. Oct. **Notes** *Authorship*: L.F. Ward main author; collaborators: Walter P. Jenney, Wm. M. Fontaine, and F.H. Knowlton. *Publ*.: 1899 (Bot. Zeit. 16 Apr 1900), cover, p. 521-958, *pl. 57-172. Copies*: HH, MO, NY. – Reprinted and to be cited from Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 19(2): 521-958, *pl. 57-172.* 1899. ##### n.16.699. Description of a new genus and twenty new species of fossil Cycadean trunks **Title** *Description of a new genus and twenty new species of fossil Cycadean trunks* from the Jurassic of Wyoming... Washington, D.C. (Published by the Academy) 1900. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 14 Feb 1900, cover-t.p., p. 253-300, *pl. 14-21. Copies*: G, NY, US. – Reprinted and to be cited from Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 1: 253-300. *pl. 14-21.* 1900. ##### n.16.700. Status of the Mesozoic floras of the United States **Title** *Status of the Mesozoic floras of the United States*... Washington (Government Printing Office) 1900-1905, 2 parts. Oct. **Notes** *1*: 1900 (NY rd. Nov 1900), cover-t.p., p. 211-953, *pl. 21-179. Copies*: HH, MO. – Reprinted from Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 20(2): 211-953. *pl. 21-179.* 1900. – *The older Mesozoic*, collab. Wm. M. Fontaine, Atreus Wanner, F.H. Knowlton. *2*: Jul 1905. *Part I. –* Text p. 1-616. *Part 2. –* Plates *pl. 1-119. Copies*: HH, MO; IDC 2548. – Issued as U.S. Geol. Surv. Monogr. 48. *Ref*.: Penhallow, D.P., Bot. Centralbl. 102: 189-190. 1906 (rev.). ##### n.16.701. Elaboration of the fossil Cycads **Title** *Elaboration of the fossil Cycads* in the Yale Museum. – From the American Journal of Science,... 1900. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Nov 1900, cover-t.p., p. \[327\]-345, *pl. 2-4. Copies*: HH, NY. – Reprinted and to to be cited from Amer. J. Sci. ser. 4. 10: 327-345, *pl. 2-4.* 1900. ##### n.16.702. Report on the petrified forests of Arizona **Title** *Report on the petrified forests of Arizona*... Washington (Government Printing Office) 1900. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Rep. petrif for. Arizona*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1900 (p. 3: 14 Dec 1899), p. \[1\]-23. *Copies*: G, HH.