> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 628](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33212670) of TL-2 Vol. VI > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/28125-1) LSID 28125-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353283) QID Q353283 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Vahl, Martin (1749-1804), Norwegian-born Danish botanist; studied botany at Copenhagen under Zoëga 1766-1767; in Norway 1767-1769; studied in Uppsala under Linnaeus 1769-1774; from 1774 in Copenhagen, associated with the Botanical Garden, lecturer 1779-1782; travelled in Europe 1783-1785; professor of botany 1786; travelled in Norway 1786, 1787-1788, in the Netherlands and France 1799-1800; full professor at Copenhagen University 1801-1804. **Abbreviated name**: *Vahl* \[standard form in IPNI: *Vahl*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection C|C]]; acquired by the Danish king in 1805 and given by him to the Botanical Institute. Vahl's *Symbolae botanicae* are based on the Forsskål material at [[Collection C|C]]; the *Eclogae* in the first instance on the collections (at [[Collection C|C]]) by Julius von Rohr and others. – Herbarium available on microfiche (IDC 2201). – Other material at [[Collection B|B]]-W (Vahl types based on J. v. Rohr coll.), [[Collection BM|BM]], [[Collection CGE|CGE]], [[Collection E|E]], [[Collection FR|FR]], [[Collection G|G]]-DC, [[Collection GOET|GOET]], [[Collection H|H]]-SOL (bryo.), [[Collection H|H]]-Steven, [[Collection LD|LD]], [[Collection M|M]], [[Collection P|P]], [[Collection UPS|UPS]] (Thunberg). – *Letters* at [[Collection G|G]]. #### Bibliography and biography AG 2(1): 278, 5(2): 32; Backer p. 607; Barnhart 3: 419 (b. 10 Oct 1749, d. 24 Nov 1804); BM 5: 2187; Bossert p. 412; CSP 6: 93-94; Dawson p. 838; De Toni 1: cxxvi; Dryander 3: 88, 247, 308, 313, 355, 649; Frank 3 (Anh.): 108; GR p. 715, cat. p. 73; Hawksworth p. 186; Henrey 3: 130; Herder p. 482 \[index\]; Hortus 3: 1206; IF p. 735; IH 1 (ed. 6): 365, (ed. 7): 344; Jackson p. 112, 113, 354; Langman p.754; Lasègue p. 586 \[index\]; LS 27593-27596; MW p. 510; NI 2030-2032; PR 9649-9652, 5009, 6799, ed. 1: 4701, 5507, 7601, 10614-10617; Rehder 5: 872; RS p. 146; Saccardo 1: 168; SBC p. 134; Stevenson p. 1261; TL-1/933, 1347-1350; TL-2/350, 4144, 11.084, 11.358) see indexes; Tucker 1: 712-713 (p.p.); Urban-Berl. p. 400; Zander ed. 10, p. 726-727, ed. 11, p. 829. #### Biofile - Amoureux, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 725-726. 1822 (corr. Gouan). - Anon., Alg. Konst.- Letterbode 1805(1)(22): 339-340. 1805 (obit.); Arch. Bot. J.J. Roemer 3(3): 459-460. 1805 (obit.); Philos. Mag. 21: 371-372. 1805. - Barton, B.S., Philad. med. physic. J. 1806(2): 145-148. - Candolle, A. de, Phytographie 456. 1880 (coll.). - Christensen, C., Nat. Verd. 316-329, 337-351. 1923; Dansk. Bot. Hist. 1: 85, 97, 155-175,225, 254, 334. 1924, 2: 85-89. 1924 (main treatment; exensive biography, bibliography and references to sources); *in* V. Meisen, Prominent Danish Scientists 85-88. 1932; Dansk. biogr. Leks. 25: 12-18. 1943 ("Vahl, Martin (ved Dauben Henrichsen, Martin Vahl")). - Dahl, O., Linné's Forbind. Norge 38-39. 1907; Tids. hist. Bot. 1: 196-198. 1921 (on a Vahl mss. Plantae in itinere per Finmarckiam observatae); Nyt. Mag. Naturv. 59: 17-35. 1921, 69: 5-10. 1934 (portr.). - Erichsen, B. & A. Krarup, Dansk personalhist. bibl. 740. 1917. - Ewan, J., *in* F. Pursh, Fl. Amer. sept. facs. 1979, p. 24 (on Vahl's "Virginia" and "Carolina" colls.). - Forbes, R.J., Martinus van Marum 1: 56, 305, 371, 374. 1969. - Fox Maule, A., Bot. Tidsskr. 69: 187. 1974 (on Vahl in Tunisia; some plants descr. in *Symb. bot.*); Københavns Univ. 1479-1979. 13: 184-190. 1979 (biogr., photo). Introduction to M. Vahl, Symb. bot. 1 (1790), facs. ed. Copenhagen 1984, p. v-x.Fries, Th.M., Bref Skrifv. Linné 1 1(5): 186. 1911. - Gager, C.S., Brook. bot. Gard. Rec. 27: 190. 1938. - Gertz, O., K. Fysiogr. Sällsk. Lund 1772-1940; hist. överbl. 218-219, 332, 376. 1940. - Hagen, I., Kgl. Norske Vid. Selsk. Skr. 1897(3), p. 20-25 (orig. name Rasmussen). - Holmboe, J., Bergens Mus. Aarb. 1910: 1-69 (Linné's botaniske "Praelectiones privatissimae" paa Hummarby 1770. Utgift effer Martin Vahl's referat). - Hornemann, J.W., Lærde Tidender 1805: 8-14; *in* Schrader, Neu. J. Bot. 1(1): 169-171. 1805, 1(2): 166-177. 1806 (obit.); Om Martin Vahl's fortjenester af naturkyndigheden som videnskabsmand og laerer, Kiöbenhavn 1821, 56 p. (*copy*: G); see also K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. nat. math. Afd. 1: 1-22. 1824. - Jessen, K.F.W., Bot. Gegenw. 301, 303, 370, 406, 471. 1884. - Jørgensen, P.M., Opera bot. 45. 1938, frontisp. (portr. M. Vahl; in memoriam). - J.V., Bot. Zeit. 12: 876. 1854. - K.A., *in* Nordisk Familjebok 19: 1280-1281. 1933. - Kamp-Schiøth, A., Højskolebl. 30: 531-538. 1905. - Konig, C. et J. Sims, eds., Ann. Bot. 2(1): 206-207. 1806 (obit.). - Lefebvre, E. & J.G. de Bruyn, Martinus van Marum 6: 172, 350, 351. 1976. - Lind, J., Danish fungi Herb. Rostrup 15. 1913. - Lowden, R.M., Taxon, Index pers. names vols. 1-30. 753. 1985. - Meisen, V., Prominent Danish scientists 85-88. 1932. - Nordgaard, O., Naturen, ser. 3. 8: 353-358. 1904. - Nordhagen, R., Sv. Linné-Sällsk. Arsskr. 2: 5-18. 1949 (Vahl as associate of Gunnerus). - Poiret, J.L.M., *in* Lamarck, Encycl. méth. 8: 760-761. 1808. - Puerari, F., Mag. encycl. 1805 (1, no. 2): 384-386. 1805 (obit.). - Rydberg, P.A., Augustana Coll. Lib. Publ. 5: 19-20. 1907. - Sayre, G., Bryologist 80: 519. 1977 (bryo. coll. C, H-SOL). - Stafleu, F.A., Taxon 10: 146. 1961. - Steenis-Krusemann, M.J. van, *in* R.J. Forbes, ed., Martinus van Marum 3: 144, 167. 1971. - Steinberg, C.H., Webbia 32(1): 16. 1977 (Vahl used the Webb herb., now in FI, for his studies; contains holotypes). - Urban, I., Symb. ant. 1: 173. 1898 (details on coll. used for *Eclog. amer.*). - Vahl, M., Skr. Nat. Selsk. 2(1): 1-71. 1792, 3(2): 157-206. 1794; *in* J.J. Römer, Neu. Mag. Bot. 1: 177-225. 1794 (on Norwegian trip, transl. from Skr. naturh. Selsk. 1: 1-71); *in* Schrader, J. Bot. 1799(1): 237-238 (on Fusée Aublet). - Vallot, J., Bull. Soc. bot. France 29: 194. 1882. - Warming, E., Bot. Tidsskr. 12: 79-82. 1880 (bibl.). - Willemet, Précis anal. Trav. Soc. Sci. Nancy 1807: 51-54. Aug 1807 (obit.). - Wittrock, V.B., Acta Horti berg. 3(2): 105, 187. 1903, 3(3): 90, *pl. 36.* 1905 (portr.). - Zimsen, E., The type material of J.C. Fabricius 13. 1964 (insect coll.). #### Composite works - (1) Co-author, with G.C. Oeder, *Fl. dan.*, vols. 6-7, fasc. 16-21, *pl. 901-1260*, see TL-2/7001. - (2) Co-author, with A.B. Lambert, *Descr. Cinchona* 1797, TL-2/4144 (see Vahl, *Om Slægten Cinchona* og dens Arter, Skr. Nat. Selsk. 1(1): 1-25, *4 pl*. 1790 (Christensen 9a-c) and 6: 23-83. 1818 (see Christensen 26), *Vom Geschlechte Cinchona*, Schr. naturf. Ges. Kopenhagen 1(1): 1-23. 1793. - (3) *Plante-Slaegter* beskrevne of Hr. Oberst-Lieutenant von Rohr, med tilføiede Anmærkninger af Hr. Professor Vahl, Skr. Nat. Selsk. 2(1): 205-221. 1792, see J.P.B. von Rohr, TL-2/4: 864-865 and D.H. Nicolson, Taxon 489-494. 1981. #### Handwriting Candollea 34: 177-178. 1979; Webbia 32(1): 19. 1977; Bot. Tidsskr. 57: 314. 1961. #### Eponymy *Vahlia* Thunberg (1782, *nom. cons.*); *Vahlia* Dahl (1787). ### Publications ##### n.15.730. Symbolae botanicae **Title** *Symbolae botanicae*, sive plantarum, tam earum, quas in itinere, imprimis orientali, collegit Petrus Forskål, quam aliarum, recentius detectarum, exactiores descriptiones, nec non observationes circa quasdam plantas dudum cognitas,... Hauniae \[København\] (Impensis auctoris. Excudebant Nicolaus Möller et filius,...) 1790-1794, 3 parts. Fol. **Abbreviated title**: *Symb. bot.* **Notes** *1*: Aug-Oct 1790, p. \[i-viii\], \[1\]-81, *pl. 1-25* (uncol. copp. C.F. Müller). *2*: Jul-Dec 1791, p. \[i-iii\], \[1\]-105, \[106-108\], *pl. 26-50.* *3*: 1794, p. \[i-iii\], \[1\]-104, \[105-106\], *pl. 51-75.* *Copies*: B, C, G, M, PH, U, USDA; IDC 5052. – Christensen 8, Stafleu (1963) p. 82. *Facsimile ed*.: 1984 (vol. 1; vols. 2-3 to follow), Copenhagen (Scandinavian fine editions), ISBN 87-7312-001-4. Vol. 1 with an introduction by A. Fox Maule. *Copy*: FAS. ##### n.15.731. Eclogae americanae **Title** *Eclogae americanae* seu descriptiones plantarum praesertim Americae meridionalis, nondum cognitarum... Hauniae \[København\] (Impensis auctoris. Excudebant Nicolaus Möller et filius,...) 1796 \[i.e. 1797\]-1807. 3 parts. Fol. **Abbreviated title**: *Eclog. amer.* **Notes** *Collectors*: Julius Philipp Benjamin von Rohr (ca. 1737-1793) (TL-2/4: 864-865) (main set), John Ryan, Hans West and Martfelt. For details see Urban (1898), p. 173. *1*: 1797 (t.p.: 1796; preface p. \[vii\]: cal. Mar 1797), p. \[i-viii\], 1-52, *pl. 1-10* (uncol. copp.). *2*: 1798, p. \[i-vi\], 1-56, *pl. 11-20.* *3*: 1807, p. \[i-iv\], 1-58, *pl. 21-30* (... Impensis viduae. Typis E.A.H. Mölleri,...). Posthumously ed. by N. Tønder Lund and P. Thonning. *Copies*: B, G, HH, M, MICH, MO, PH, U, USDA; IDC 1582. – Christensen 17. ##### n.15.732. Icones illustrationi plantarum americanarum **Title** *Icones illustrationi plantarum americanarum*, in Eclogis descriptarum, inservientes... Decas prima \[-tertia\]. Hauniae \[København\] (Impensis auctoris. Excudebant Nicolaus Möller et filius,...) 1798-1799. Fol. **Abbreviated title**: *Icon. ill. pl. amer.* **Notes** *1*: 1798 (pref. 4 Aug 1798; Schrader J. Bot. 2(1): 124. 1799), p. \[i-iv\], *pl. 1-10* (uncol. copp.). *2*: 1799, p. \[i-iii\], *pl. 11-20.* *3*: 1799, p. \[i-iii\], *pl. 21-30.* *Copies*: G, M, MICH, MO, PH, USDA; IDC 5786. – Christensen 18; Urban (1898) p. 173. – Additional illustrations to *Eclog. amer.* ##### n.15.733. Enumeratio plantarum **Title** Martini Vahlii,... *Enumeratio plantarum*, vel ab aliis, vel ab ipso observatarum, cum earum differentiis specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis... Hauniae \[København\] (Typis N. Mölleri et Filii,...) 1804-1805, 2 vols. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Enum. pl.* **Notes** *Orig. ed.*: 1804-1805. *Copies*: HH, MICH, US; IDC 2290. – See RS p. 146. *1*: Jul-Dec 1804 (p. xiv: 4 Jul 1804), p. \[i\]-lx, \[lxi\], \[1\]-381. *2*: Oct-Dec 1805 (p. viii: 15 Oct 1805; in the absence of proof that the original edition came out in 1806 we must assume that it came out between 15 Oct and 31 Dec 1805), p. \[i\]-viii, \[ix-xvi\], \[1\]-423. – Posthumously ed. by N. Tønder Lund, J.W. Hornemann and P. Thonning. *Reprint* \[reissue?\]: 1805-1806. *Copies*: B, BR, G, MICH, NY, PH, US, USDA. *1*: 1805, p. \[i\]-lx, \[lxi\], \[1\]-381. – "Impensis auctoris, & prostat apud J.H. Schubothe". *2*: 1806, p. \[i\]-viii, \[ix-xvi\], \[1\]-423. – "Hauniae et Lipsiae... apud Joh. Henr. Schubothe in Commissis". *Editio minoris pretii*: 1827. *Copies*: H, M. – Gottingae \[Göttingen\] (apud Vandenhoeck et Ruprecht). Oct. (reissue). *1*: 1827, p. \[i\*-iii\*\], \[i\]-lx, \[lxi\], \[1\]-381. *2*: 1827, p. \[i-viii\], \[ix-xvi\], \[1\]-423.