> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 412](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33212454) of TL-2 Vol. VI > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/10764-1) LSID 10764-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312959) QID Q312959 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de (1656-1708), French botanist; botanised in S.E. France with Charles Plumier 1678; studied with Pierre Magnol in Montpellier 1679-1680; travelled in the Eastern Pyrenees and Spain 1681; took medical degree in Montpellier 1682; at Aix 1682-1683; assistant to Guy Fagon at the Jardin du Roi, Paris 1683-1708, from 1693 replacing Fagon; professor of botany ib. 1708; travelled in S. France (1685, 1686), England (1687), Eastern Pyrenees and Spain 1687; in the Provence 1688 (Dr. med. Faculté d'Orange), in Spain and Portugal 1688-1689; Lic. méd. Faculté de Médecine, Paris 1695; Dr. med. ib. 1696; travelled in the Levant 1700-1702; professor at the Collège Royal 1706. **Abbreviated name**: *Tourn.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Tourn.*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection P|P]] (herbier historique), kept separately, 6963 species. Tournefort left the herbarium to the French state for the use of the "Messieurs de l'Académie Royale des Sciences..." It was kept at the Jardin du Roi. When this institution became the Muséum d'Histoire naturelle one of the original articles of foundation stipulated that the Tournefort herbarium had to be kept separate, in the order and with the nomenclature of the author. The manuscript catalogue mentions no collectors; most specimens were collected by Tournefort himself; there may be some specimens sent or collected by his correspondents, e.g. by Petiver. The herbarium is available as IDC microfiche no. 6208 (with index). – An important set of Tournefort plants is at [[Collection B|B]]-W, see Wagenitz (1962). Tournefort material at [[Collection BM|BM]] included in the Sloane herbarium (see Dandy 1958, p. 220), in the general herbarium ("Banksian herbarium", Levant 1702 and other material). The Sherard herbarium ([[Collection OXF|OXF]]) contains also a considerable set of Tournefort specimens. Small numbers of Tournefort plants are at [[Collection FI|FI]], [[Collection H|H]] (herb. Steven), [[Collection P|P]]-JU, [[Collection PH|PH]]. #### Bibliography and biography AG 2(1): 711, 5(1): 196, 248, 6(2): 358; Ainsworth p. 310, 348; Backer p. 590; Barnhart 3: 394 (b. 5 Jun 1656, d. 28 Dec 1708); BM 5: 2128, 8: 1320; Bossert p. 404; Bret. p. 123; Clokie p. 255; Colmeiro 1: ccii; Dryander \[see index\]; DSB 13: 442-444 (J.F. Leroy); Frank 3 (Anh.): 104-105; GR p. 344-345; Hawksworth p. 186; Hegi 6(1): 222, 231, 4(3): 1177, 5(3): 2131, 6(1): 53, 6(2): 631; Henrey 2: 744, 3: 1432-1433; Herder p. 481; Hortus 3: 1205; HU 392, 419, 450; IH 1 (ed. 2): 94, (ed. 3): 119, (ed. 6): 365 (ed. 7): 344; Jackson p. 30, 31, 289; KR p. 722; Krempelh. 2: 3; Lasègue p. 586; LS 26949-26954; Moebius p. 457; MW p. 500; NI 1966-1979, 3: 65; Plesch p. 437-438; PR 603, 2179, 6923, 6992, 7380, 7436, 7440, 9423-9429, 9662, 10.000, ed. 1: 2494, 5896, 6622, 7736, 7818, 8276, 8380, 8384, 8623, 10384-10388, 10627, 10698; Rehder 5: 855; SO 763; Sotheby 759-762; Stevenson p. 1260; TL-1/284, 457, 1322-1323; TL-2/see indexes; TR 1427-1428; Tucker 1: 695, 3: 310; Urban-Berl. p. 404. #### Biofile - Cat. gén. livr. impr. Bibl. natl. 192: 603-609. 1965; Grand Larousse encycl. 10: 413. 1964; Index biogr. Acad. Sci., Paris 494. 1954. - Barbillon, Bull. Soc. franç. Hist. Méd. 25: 161-180. 1931 (voyage au Levant). - Bartlett, H.H., 55 rare books 1949, no. 38 (Inst.). - Becker, G., Hist. Méd. 10(9): 5-39. 1961 ("un grand méconnu"). - Becker, G. et al., Tournefort 1957, 323 p. (collection of 16 papers dealing with all aspects of life and work). - Beer, G.R. de, Notes Rec. R. Soc., London 9: 244-249. 1952 (relations T. with English scientists in wartime). - Blunt, W., The compleat naturalist 256 \[index\]. 1971. - Bolos, A. de, Adansonia ser. 2. 3(1): 3-4. 1963 (T. and Jaume Salvador). - Bonnet, E., Bull. Soc. bot. France 28: xv-xxiv. 1881 (plant collecting by T. around Fontainebleau). - Bonnet, Éd., J. Bot., Morot 5: 372-376, 393-396, 420-424. 1891 (letters T. to G. Fagon); Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. 1910(5): 26 and Bull. Soc. franç. Hist. Méd. 25: 181-182. 1931 (letter Phélypeaux on voyage Levant). - Bréchot, J.F. & M. Guédès, J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist. 7(3): 269-272. 1975 (on the *Traité des vertus des plantes usuelles*). - Bridson, G.D.R. et al., Nat. Hist. mss. res. Brit. isl. 442 \[index\]. 1980. - Britten, J., J. Bot. 56: 118-121. 1918 (on the mss. *Topographie botanique*; see also Duprat 1958). - Burdet, H.M. et al., Ouvrages botaniques anciens 581 \[index\]. 1985. - Church, A.H., The Sherard letters nos. 458-464. \[London 1908; letters T. to Sherard at Roy. Soc.\]. - Ciurea, D. & E., Rev. med.-chirurg. Soc. Med. Natural. Iasi 70: 757-759. 1966. - Dandy, J.E., The Sloane herbarium 220-221. 1958. - D-U & A.M., *in* J.F. Michaud, Biogr. univ. 42: 41-47. 1970 (repr.). - Delorme, A., Revue de Synthèse ser. 3. 11-12: 354-358. 1958 (rev. G. Becker et al., Tournefort 1957). - Dörfelt, H. & W. Berg, Leopoldina 27: 161-197. 1983 (on Geastrum ills with T.). - Duprat, G., *in* G. Becker et al., Tournefort 15-28 (chronol.), 207-238 (ms. at P-Bibl. centr.). 1957. - Eriksson, G., Bot. hist. Sverige 362. \[index\]. 1969. - Ewan, J. & N., John Banister 11, 12, 15, 20, 101. 1970. - Fée, A., *in* Hoefer, ed., Nouv. biogr. gén. 45: 535-539. 1866. - Fontenelle, Hist. Acad. R. Sci., Paris 1708: 143-154. 1730, repr. *in* N. Jolyclerc, Élém. bot. 1: 1-24. 1797 (first historical account of T.); *in* D.J. Tournon, Fl. Toulouse 15-24. 1811 (Éloge Tournefort). - Fries, Th.M., Bref. Skrifv. Linné 1(2): 79, 93. 1908, 1(4): 202. 1910, 1(5): 259. 1911, \[et J.M. Hulth\] 1(7): 78, 141, 142. 1917. - Hamy, E.T., Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris 1: 76-78. 1895 (on T.'s medical thesis). - Harvey Gibson, R.J., Outlines hist. bot. 274 \[index\]. 1914. - Henriques, J., Bol. Soc. Broter. 15: 108-174. 1898 (list of plants in Spain mentioned by T. in his mss. Topographia botanica). - Hoppe, D.H., Bot. Taschenb. 1792: 181-200 (descr. system; biogr. notes). - Hulth, J.M., Bref. Skrifv. Linné 2(1): 70, 72, 327. 1916 \[et A.H. Uggia\], 2(2): 49, 93, 126, 160. 1943. - Jackson, B.D., J. Bot. 12: 136-137. 1874 (on *Schola botanica*). - Jessen, K.F.W., Bot. Gegenw. Vorz. 491 \[index\]. 1864. - Joly, P., Bull. Soc. mycol. France 100(3): 1-3. 1984 (mycol. ills.). - Jovet, Rev. gén. Sci. pur. appl. 63: 101-104. 1956 (tricentenary). - Jovet-Ast, S., Bull. Soc. mycol. France 100(3): clxii-ccvi. 1984 (mycology at Jardin du Roy). - Lacroix, A., Figures de savants 4: 255. 1938. - Laissus, Y., Congr. Soc. sav. France 83: 303-307. 1958 (review of G. Becker et al.). - Laissus, J. et Y., C.R. Congr. natl. Soc. sav. 90(3): 17-46. 1965 (on portrs.). - Lapeyrouse, P., Hist. abr. pl. Pyren. xxii-xxiv. 1813. - Lefébure, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 639-648. 1822 (memorial lecture). - Le Grand, A., Bull. Soc. bot. France 35: 133-137. 1888 (plea to reinstate T.'s generic names in formal botanical nomenclature). - Leroy, J.F., Rev. Hist. Sci. 9(4): 350-354. 1956. - Leroy, J.F. et al., Bot. franç. Amér. nord 356 \[index\]. 1957. - Lowden, R.M., Taxon, Index pers. names vols. 1-30. 738. 1984. - Lütjeharms, W.J., Gesch. Mykol. 262 \[index\]. 1936. - Mägdefrau, K., Gesch. Bot. 314 \[index\]. 1973. - Magnin, A., Bull. Soc. bot. Lyon 31: 30. 1906, 35: 19. 1910. - Marquis, Dict. Sci. méd. 7: 352-357. 1825. - Martins, C., Le Jardin des Plantes de Montpellier 31, 33, 39, 40, 43. 1854. - Moreaux, R., Mém. Acad. Stanislas ser. 6. 40: 81-94. 1955-1957 (general account). - Morton, A.G., Hist. bot. sci. 202, 228, 239, 257. 1981. - Nelson, E.C., Newsletter Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist. 4: 6. 1979 (books from libr. Tournefort in Dublin). - Nordenskiöld, E., Hist. biol. xiii, 1949. - Pée-Laby, Bull. Soc. Ramond 29: 95-113. 1891 (plant coll. Pyrenees). - Prévost, A.M., C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 258(23) groupe ii: 5697-5700. 1964 (semantics of "herbe" and "plante" with Tournefort). - Poiret, J.L.M., Encycl. méth. 8: 759-760. 1808. - Rix, M., The art of the botanist 221 \[index\]. 1981. - Roberge, Mém. Soc. Linn. Calvados 1825: 318-343 (memorial address). - Sachs, J., Gesch. Bot. 612. 1875, Hist. bot. 584. 1892. - Stafleu, F.A., Linnaeus and the Linnaeans 385 \[index\] 1971. - Stafleu, F.A. et W.D. Margadant, *in* G.H.M. Lawrence, ed., Adanson 1: 390 \[index\]. 1963. - Terrasson, J.B., Mém. Acad. Sci. Paris 1709: 315-320. 1723 (project Reneaume with respect to T.'s manuscripts) (see Duprat 1957, p. 209). - Tournefort, J.P. de, Relation d'un voyage du Levant, fait par ordre du Roi, contenant l'histoire ancienne & moderne de plusieurs isles de l'Archipel, de Constantinople, des Côtes de la Mer Noire, de l'Arménie, de la Georgie, des frontières de Perse & de l'Asie mineure... 2 vols. Qu. Paris 1717; id. Amsterdam 1718; 3 vols. Oct. Lyon 1717; Reise nach der Levante, Nürnberg 1776-1777, 2 vols. - Verdoorn, F., ed., Chron. bot. 4: 129, 402, 403, 567. 1938, 5: 422. 1939, 7: 189, 224. 1943. - Wagenitz, G., Willdenowia 3: 109-136. 1962 (plants from journey to the Orient in B-W, extant; reached B-W through herb. Gundelsheimer). - Wijnands, D.O., The botany of the Commelins 213. 1983. - Wittrock, V.B., Acta Horti berg. 3(2): 118. 1903, 3(3): 115, xxxvi, *pl. 20.* 1905. - Woodward, B.B., Hist. coll. nat. hist. depts. Brit. Mus. 1: 51. 1904 (copies of mss. catal. pl. Spain-Port. at BM). #### Manuscripts The original drawings by Claude Aubriet for the *Elémens* and the *Institutiones*, as well as proof sheets, are at the *Muséum national d'histoire naturelle*, Paris. Aubriet's plates for the Corollarium are also at this institution; they were later published by Desfontaines in the Ann. Mus. nat. For a full discussion of Tournefort's manuscripts see Duprat (1957). A copy of the "Catalogue des plantes... d'Espagne et de Portugal" is at BM (Banksian mss. 82). #### Main general treatment G. Becker et al., Tournefort, Paris 1957, 323 p. (most aspects; no bibl.); for bibliography see e.g. Dryander. – Reproductions of title-pages: see Burdet et al. (1985). #### Composite works - (1) See P. Hermann, *Schola botanica* 1689, TL-2/2685. – The *Schola botanica* by Tournefort occupies p. 1-300; the *Paradisi baiavi prodromus* by Hermann p. 301-389. The "Edente in lucem S.W.A." may refer to William Sherard (see HU 382 and Jackson (1874)). *Copies*: BR, HU, NY, U. - (2) For Tournefort's *Materia medica*, London 1708 and the *Traité de la matière medicale*, Paris 1717, see HU 419 and J.F. Bréchot & M. Guédès (1975). #### Handwriting J.E. Dandy, The Sloane herbarium 1958, facsimile no. 72. Clokie p. 279. #### Eponymy (genera) *Pittonia* P. Miller (1754); *Pittoniotis* Grisebach (1858); *Tournefortia* Linnaeus (1753); *Tournefortiopsis* Rusby (1907); (journal): *Pittonia*, a series of papers relating to botany and botanists, Berkeley, California. Vol. 1-5. 1887-1905. ### Publications ##### n.14.780. Elémens de botanique **Title** *Elémens de botanique*, ou méthode pour connoître les plantes... à Paris (de l'Imprimerie royale) 1694, 3 vols. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Elém. bot.* **Notes** *1*: 1694, frontisp., p. \[i-xx\], \[1\]-562, \[563-580, indexes\], \[581, err.; 582 privilege, 19 Jun 1694\]. *2*: 1694, p. \[i-ii\], *pl. 1-235* (uncol. copp. Claude Aubriet). *3*: 1694, p. \[i-ii\], *pl. 236-451* (id.). *Copies*: G, HH-UB, HH, HU, USDA. – Counts as first edition of the *Institutiones*; in French. *Other edition*: by N.M.T. Jolyclerc, 1797, 6 vols., see TL-2/3385. *Copies*: B, B-G, BR, HH, HU, MICH, MO, NY, PH. *Abrégé*: 1749, p. \[1\]-319. *Copy*: B. – Abrégé des élémens de botanique, ou méthode pour connoître les plantes. Par M. de Tournefort,... à Avignon (Chez Dominique Seguin & Joseph Joly,...) 1749. Duod. ##### n.14.781. De optimo methodo instituenda **Title** Josephi Pitton Tournefort... *De optimo methodo instituenda* in re herbaria, ad sapientem virum Gulielmum Sherardum generosum Anglum, Rei Herbariae peritissimum, Epistolo. In quâ respondetur dissertationi D. Raii de variis plantarum methodis. \[Paris 1697\]. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Opt. meth. inst.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1697, p. \[3\]-27. *Copy*: B-S. – For Joannis Raii de varus plantarum methodis dissertano brevis... Londini... 1696, see TL-2/8705, G. Keynes, John Ray 1951, p. 131-132. ##### n.14.782. Histoire des plantes **Title** *Histoire des plantes* qui naissent aux environs de Paris, avec leur usage dans la médecine... à Paris (de l'Imprimerie royale) 1698. Duod. **Abbreviated title**: *Hist. pl.* **Notes** *Ed*. \[*1*\]: 1698, p. \[i-liv\], \[1\]-543, \[544-562\]. *Coptes*: B, BR, G, H-UB, MO, NY, PH. *Ed. 2*: 1725, 2 vols. *Copies*: G, M, MO, NY, USDA. – "Seconde édition. Revue & augmentée par M. Bernard de Jussieu... Tome i \[ii\]. Paris (Chez Jean Musier). 1725. Duod. *1*: \[i-cxvi\], \[1\]-407, \[409-422\]. *2*: \[i-iv\], \[1\]-528, \[1-18\]. *English transl*.: 1732, 2 vols. "Tournefort's *History of plants* growing about Paris, with their uses in physick;... translated into English, with many additions, and accomodated to the plants growing in Great-Britain by John Martyn,... London (printed for C. Rivington,...) 1732. Oct. (*Hist. pl.*). *Copies*: LC, NY. *1*: \[i\*-xii\*\], \[i\]-lxvii, \[lxviii\]. *2*: i-iv, \[1\]-362, \[1-70, indexes\]. ##### n.14.783. Institutiones rei herbariae. Editio altera **Title** Josephi Pitton Tournefort aquisextiensis \[of Aix\],... *Institutiones rei herbariae. Editio altera*, gallica longe auctior... Parisiis (e Typographia regia) 1700. Qu. 3 vol. **Abbreviated title**: *Inst. rei herb.* **Notes** *Editio altera*: 1700, 3 vols. The *altera* refers to the *Élém. bot*. as the first edition. *Copies*: BR, G, H, PH, US, USDA; IDC 932. *1*: p. \[i-xx\], \[1\]-697, \[698, colo.\]. *2*: p. i-ii, *pl. 1-250* (uncol. copp. Claude Aubriet), p. \[iii, colo.\]. *3*: p. i-ii, *pl. 251-476* (id.). *Corollarium*: 1703, p. \[i-vi\], \[1\]-54, \[55-59\], *pl. 477-489* (id.\]. *Copies*: BR, HU, M, USDA; IDC 5439. – "Josephi Pitton Tournefort... *Corollarium* institutionum rei herbariae in que plantae 1356. munificentiâ Ludovici Magni in Orientalibus regionibus observatae recensentur, & ad genera sua revocantur." \[on p. 59:\] Parisiis e Typographia regia... m.d.cciii. Qu. *Corollarium*: 1704 included in J. Ray, Hist. pl. 3, 1704, see TL-2/8701. *Editio tertia*: 1719, 3 vols. *Copies*: B, G, H, M, PH, Stevenson, US; IDC 755. *1*: p. \[i\*-vi\*\], \[i\]-xxxii, \[i-xvi\], \[1\]-695, \[1\], *Coroll*.: \[i-viii\], \[1\]-58,\[1\]. *2*: p. \[i\], *pl. 1-250* (id.). *3*: p. \[i\], *pl. 251-489* (id., includes pl. *Coroll.*). *Editio tertia*, reprint: ca. 1750, for details see Guédès (1983); main difference in t.p.: vignet 86 mm wide rather than 90 mm; text reset; plates on post 1742 paper. *Copies*: B, BR, HU. – Pagination and plates as 1719 edition. *English version*: \[1716-\] 1719-1730, *133* and *134 pl. Copies*: G, K, PH, USDA. – "*The compleat herbal*: or, the botanical institutions of Mr. Tournefort, chief botanist to the late French King. Carefully translated \[probably by John Martyn\] from the original Latin. With large additions from Ray, Gerarde, Parkinson, and others, the most celebrated moderns. To which are added, two alphabetical indexes; one, containing the names; the other, the physical vertues and uses of the several plants. Illustrated with about five hundred copper plates, containing above four thousand different figures, all curiously engraven. A work highly instructive, and of general use... London ((printed for R. Bomvicke,...) 1719. Qu. \[vol. 2: (printed for R. Walthoe, ...) 1730. – Collation given by Henrey 3: no. 1432, based on copy at K. – Copies vary. *1*: 1716-1719 (see Henrey), p. \[i\], 1-4, 3-6, ii, 3-625, \[1\], *133 pl*. (numbered: 1-7, \[8\], 9-14, 16-22, 22-49, 50/51, 52, 53, 65-71, 71-80, 80-83, 84/85, 86-143). *2*: 1728-1730 (id.), p.\[ii\], 649 \[i.e. 629\], \[ii\], *134 pl*. (nos. 144-277).