> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 453](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33333592) of TL-2 Vol. V > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/9384-1) LSID 9384-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84181) QID Q84181 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Scopoli, Joannes Antonius \[Giovanni Antonio\] (1723-1788), Austrian-Italian (Tirolborn) physician, chemist and botanist; educated at Trento (Trient) and Innsbruck; studied medicine at the Innsbruck medical college; Dr. med. 1743; practicing medicine in Cavalese, Trento and Venice; from 1751-1753 in Graz and Seckau; state doctor's examination Wien 1754; state physician at Idria (Krain, Carniola, now part of Slovenia) 1754-1767; professor of mineralogy and metallurgy at Schemnitz (Banska Štiavnica, now Czechoslovakia) 1767-1776; professor of chemistry and botany at Pavia 1776-1788. **Abbreviated name**: *Scop.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Scop.*\] #### Herbarium and types Scopoli herbarium specimens are at [[Collection LINN|LINN]] (set received by Linnaeus), [[Collection C|C]] (through M. Vahl), [[Collection M|M]] (some lichens through J.C. Schreber), [[Collection UPS|UPS]] (in herb. Thunberg some plants grown in Upps. garden from seeds sent by S.), [[Collection B|B]] (some material in pre-1943 general herb., mainly destr.), [[Collection MPU|MPU]] (through Lapeyrouse). – The Scopoli material in the Moretti herbarium at [[Collection PAV|PAV]] has not been retraced; R. Tomaselli stated in 1971 (in a letter to Yoshimura, fide P. Isoviita) that the material was destroyed during World War II. – A possible further source of Scopoli material may be [[Collection P|P]]-HAL.- Letters at [[Collection G|G]]. #### Name We accept Joannes Antonius Scopoli as the most likely variant spelling of Scopoli's name (German: Johann Anton, Italian: Giovanni Antonio). He signed himself this way as is clear from the autograph reproduced by Voss (1882, p. 19). We have no information on the names registered on baptism. Scopoli was born in Cavalese, Fleimserthal, Tirol, Austria (1723) now Val di Fiume, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy. Scopoli's father was called Franz Antonius. #### Bibliography and biography AG 2(2): 177, 6(2): 951; Ainsworth p. 347 \[index\]; Backer p. 523; Barnhart 3: 250 (b. 3 Jun 1723, d. 8 Mai 1788); BM 4: 1883-1883, 8: 1169; Bossert p. 358; CSP 5: 602; Dawson p. 738, 761, 956 (index); Dryander 3: 23, 32, 47, 154, 205, 219, 227, 305, 326, 431, 434, 533, 638; DTS 1: 277, 6: 197; Frank 3 (Anh.): 95; GF p. 76; GR p. 440, *pl*. \[*23*\]; GR, cat. p. 71; Hawksworth p. 185, 197; Hegi 4(1): 410, 4(3): 1544, 5(4): 2569 6(1): 34; Herder p. 477 (index); Hortus 3: 1204; Jackson p. 265; Kanitz 51; Kelly p. 210; Lasègue p. 342, 358, 535; LS 24515-24522; NI 1822-1824; PR 8552-8558, 10288, ed. 1: 9502-9508; Quenstedt p. 392; Rehder 5: 788; RS p. 141; Saccardo 1: 151, 2: 99-100, cron. xxxii; SBC p. 132; SO see index p. 49; Stevenson p. 1257; TL-1/1213-1217; TL-2/2014, see P.A. Pourret; Tucker 1: 641-642; WU 33: 210-215; Urban-Berl. p. 395; Zander ed. 10, p. 715, ed. 11, p. 816. #### Biofile - Ambrosi, F., Bull. Soc. ven.-trent. Sci. nat. 4: 141-145. 1889 (biogr.). - Anon., Allg. Konst-Letter-Bode 1(6): 41. 1788 (d.); Arch. Geogr. Hist. Staats- Kriegskunst 7(106-107): 439-441. 1816 (obit.); Atti Ist. bot. Univ. Pavia ser. 2. 4: frontisp. 1897 (portr.); La Bibliofilia, Firenze 56(1): 63. 1954 (Mus. Hist. nat. Paris acquired original plates of fungi painted by Thomas Hofmann for the *Flora carniolica*); Brit. Mus., Gen. cat. printed books 217: 69-70. 1964; Cat. gén. livr. Bibl. natl. 168: 960-963. 1946; Wiener med. Monatschr. 1: 120-121. 1789 (d.). - Bridson, G.D.R. et al., Nat. hist. mss. res. Brit. Isl. 255.12. 1980. - Carpenter, M.M., Amer. Midl. Natural. 33: 94. 1945 (entom.-biog. refs.). - Chaboisseau, Bull. Soc. bot. France 17(C.R.): 296-297. 1870 (describes a mss. *Icones* *fungorum Carnioliae*, 1760, 189 figs. on 46 plates, illustrations fungi in Fl. carniol. ed. 1. 1760). - Cobelli, G. de, Alcune lettere inedite dirette a Giovanni Antonio Scopoli. xxvii. Pubbl. Museo civico Rovereto 1895, 43 p. (letters by P. Arduino, C. Allioni, S.J. Brugmans, Th. Brunnich, A. Castiglioni, L. Castiglioni, G.A. Coronino, G.A.P. v. Hochenwacht, A.A. Fortis, N.J. Jacquin, A.L. de Jussieu, G. v. Swieten; list of 221 letters). - Cobelli, G. de & Delaiti, C., Lettere inedite di Carlo Linneo a Giovanni Antonio Scopoli. xv. Publ. Museo Civ. Rovereto, 1889 (n.v.). - Dandy, J.E., Regn. veg. 51: 18. 1967 (om Meth. pl.; some pré-Linn. names validated). - Dawson, W.R., Smith papers 86. 1934 (letters to J.E. Smith). - Dörfler, l, Botaniker-Porträts 28. 1907 (portr., biogr. sketch, bibl.). - Duchartre, P., Notice sur Jean-Marie Scopoli, botaniste. Soc. natl. Agr. France s.d., 8 p. (copy: B). - Ferrari, M., Stud. Trent. Sci. nat., Acta biol. 54: 51-90. 1977 (on Scopoli and Linnaeus; on his use of binomials). - Fries, Th.M., Bref Skrifv. Linné 1(3): 140, 255. 1909, 1(5): 176. 1911, 1(6): 32, 40, 70. 1912. - Gager, C.S., Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 27(3): 280. 1938 (dir. bot. gard. Pavia 1777-1788). - Graf, Österr. bot. W. 3: 204-206, 225-227. 1853 ("Scopoli's Naturanschauung"). - Guglia, O., Fl. carniol. ed. 2. facsimile ed. 1972, 1: \[iii\]-xxii (biogr., portr., handwriting, bibl.). - Hanbelt, J., Sb. Dejiny Příř. Vĕd. Tech. 8: 181-199. 1963 (Scopoli and Lomonosov). - Hausmann, F. v., Fl. Tirol 1170. 1854. - Hertel, H., Mitt. Bot. München 16: 434. 1980 (some lich. at M through Schreber). - Higgins, L.G., J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist. 4: 167-169. 1963 (on Entom. carniol.). - Hulth, J.M., Bref Skrifv. Linné 2(1): 312, 304-407, 410, 418, 419. 1916. - J., Dict. Sci. méd., Biogr. méd. 7: 181-183. 1825. - Jackson, B.D., Proc. Linn. Soc. 134 (suppl): 19. 1922 (S.E. Eur. pl. in LINN). - Laundon, J.R., Lichenologist n: 17. 1979 (lichens at PAV?). - Lesky, E., Arbeitsmedizin im 18. Jahrh.: Werksarzt und Arbeiter im Quecksilberwerk Idria, Wien 1956, iv, 76 p., n.v. - Mägdefrau, K., Die ersten Alpen-Botaniker 10-11. 1975 (Jahrb. Ver. Schutze Alpenpfl. 40. 1975). - Margadant, W.D., *in* G.H.M. Lawrence, Adanson 1: 337. 1963 (letters to Adanson). - Lütjeharms, W.J., Gesch. Mykol. 103, 188, 194f, 219, 230, 233. 1936 (on S as a mycologist). - Mayer, E., Proteus, Ljubljana 34: 307-308. 1972 (fid. Excerpta botanica; extr. letter Scopoli to Linnaeus). - Meusel, J.G., Lexik. teut. Schrifst. 12: 645-649 (biogr. sketch and bibl.; only partly correct). - Nicolas, J.P., *in* G.H.M. Lawrence, Adanson 1: 60. 1963 (corr. with Adanson). - Petkovšek, V., Bioloski vestnik, Ljubljana 15: 59-62. 1967 (on botany before Scopoli in Slovenia); J.A. Scopoli, sein Leben und Werk in Slowenischen Raum, Ljubljana 1977, 104 p., Acad. Sci. Art. Slov., hist. nat., Diss. 20(2). (extensive study). - Pi., Ma., Encicl. ital. 31: 20. 1936. - Poggendorff, J.C., Biogr.-lit. Handw.-Buch 2: 880. 1863. - Römer, J.J. & P. Usteri, Mag. Bot. 5: 3-11. 1789 (biogr.). - Scopoli, G.A., Delic. fl. faun. Insubr. 3: 79-87. 1788 (autobiogr.). - Stafleu, F.A., Taxon 12: 77-78. 1963; Linnaeus and the Linnaeans 18, 192-197, 272. 1971. - Stieber, M.T. et al., Huntia 4(1): 86. 1981 (corr.). - Swainson, W., Taxidermy 322-323. 1840 (entom.). - Tinaeus, J., Chem. Ann. \[ed. L. Crell\] 2(12): 534-541. 178 (memorial statement). - Voss, W., Versuch einer Geschichte der Botanik in Krain 1754-1883, 1: 7-17. 1884 (biogr. sketches; activity in Carniola; further biogr. refs.); Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 31: 17-66. 1882 (biogr. account, bibl., discussion of Scopoli's knowledge of the Carniola (Krainz) fungi; gives first names as Joannis Antonius); Voss, G. (= W.), Della vita e degli scritti di Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (translation from the German of 1883 by C. Delaiti), Rovereto 1884, 22 p. (main biogr. bibl.); Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien 38 (S.B.): 60. 1888 (on Scopoli memorial in Ljubljana). - Widder, F., Phyton 5(3): 204. 1954 (date Fl. carniol. ed. 2, vol. 1). - Willmott, A.J., Bull. misc. Inf. Kew 1935: 90-91 (proposal to treat names in Fl. carniol. ed. 1 as not validly published). - Wittrock, V.B., Acta Horti Berg. 3(2): 85. 1903 (on portr.). - Yoshimura, I. & P. Isoviita, Ann. bot. fennici 6: 348-352. 1969 (Scopoli's lichen specimens; typification). - Zischka, G.A., Allg. Gelehrt.-Lex. 593. 1961. #### Handwriting *Flora carniolica*, facsimile ed. 1972, introd. by Otto Guglia *pl. 7*; Candollea 33: 379-380. 1978; S. Savage, Cat. Linn. Herb. fig. 1945. #### Eponymy *Scopolia* N.J. Jacquin (1764, *nom. cons.*); *Scopolia* J.R. Forster et J.G.A. Forster (1776); *Scopolia* Linnaeus f. (1782); *Scopolia* J.E. Smith (1790). *Note*: *Scopolia* Adanson (1763, *nom. rej.*) and *Parascopolia* Baillon (1888) probably also commemorate Scopoli, but etymology was given. ### Publications ##### n.11.545. Methodus plantarum **Title** *Methodus plantarum* quam divina favente clementia decreto, authoritate, et consensu illustrissimorum, perillustrium, magnificorum, spectabilium & clarissimorum virorum, perillustris, ac magnifici domini Universitatis rectoris, illustrissimi, magnifici, ac clarissimi domini domini inclytae Facultatis medicae praesidis, perillustris spectabilis, clarissimi, inclytae Facultas medica domini decani, venerabilis domini senioris, dd. Sacrae caesareae Majestatis consiliariorum, ac archiatrorum, nec non clarissimorum dd. professorum, adeoque totius amplissimi dd. medicorum collegii, in antiquissima, ac celeberrima Universitate Viennensi, publicae disputationi subjecit Joannes Antonius Scopoli, Tyrolensis, AA. LL. Philosophiae & Medicinae Doctor. Die \[26, mss\] Mensis \[Martii h. 4., mss\] Anno M.DCC.LIV. Viennae Austriae \[Wien\] \[Typis, Joannis Petri von Ghelen,...) \[1754\]. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Meth. pl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 25 Mar 1754, p. \[1\]-28. *Copies*: B-S, HH; IDC 5735. Dandy 1967: "Genera grouped, but mostly not individually defined, in a diagnostic key. The preface states that Tournefort's names are usually retained, so that those previously published with definitions by Tournefort, are validly published". ##### n.11.546. Flora carniolica **Title** Joannis Antonii Scopoli... *Flora carniolica* exhibens plantas carniolae indigenas et distributas in classes naturales cum differentiis specificis, synonymis recentiorum, locis natalibus, nominibus incolarum, observationibus selectis, viribus medicis. Viennae \[Wien\] (sumptibus Joannis Thomae Trattner,...) 1760. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Fl. carniol.* **Notes** *Ed. 1*: 15 Jun-21 Jul 1760 (p. viii: 15 Jun 1760; TL-1; letters van Swieten in Cobelli 1895; Scopoli sent a copy to Linnaeus on 1 Sep 1760 (see E. Mayer 1972), p. \[i-xxii\], \[1\]-607. *Copies*: B-S, BR, FH, FI, G, HH, M, MICH, MO, NY, PH, Stevenson, U, USDA; IDC 5736. – A proposal by Wilmott (1935) to declare names, published in this work, as not validly published, was not accepted by the Amsterdam Botanical Congress (1935). The generic names first published here (after 1753) and provided with a description or reference to an earlier description are validly published by Scopoli; the circumscription and nomenclature of the genera is almost entirely Linnaean; the classification is a natural one, close to that of Haller. There are no binary names for species. *Ed. 2*: 1771-1772, 2 vols. "editio secunda aucta et reformata". Wien (Impensis Joannis Pauli Krauss). Oct. (a) vol. 1 dated 1771; vol. 2 dated 1772. *Copies*: BR, GZU, PH. (b) vol. 1 and 2 dated 1772. *Copies*: B, B-S, FH, FI, G, HH, M, MICH, MO, NY, PH, U, USDA. *1*: 1771, p. \[i-lxxii\], \[1\]-448, \[1-16, index, errr.\], *pl. 1-22, 22\*, 23-32* (uncol. copp.). *1* (other issue): 1772, p. \[i-lxxii\], \[1\]-448, \[1-16\], *pl. 1-22, 22\*, 23-32* (id.). *2*: Jan-Aug 1772 (GGA 5 Sep 1772), p. \[i\], \[1\]-496, *pl. 33-65.* This edition has binary names and is written in the Linnaean tradition in all other respects as well. *Facsimile ed*.: 1972, Graz (Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt), introduction by Otto Guglia. *1*: \[i\]-xxiii, *pl. 1-7*, facsimile \[i-lxxii\], \[1\]-448. *2*: \[i-ii\], facsimile \[i\], \[1\]-496, *pl. 1-22, 22\*, 23-65.* *Note*: Original paintings of fungi for Fl. carniolica at Paris, Mus. Hist. nat., see La Bibliofilia, Firenze, 56: 63. 1954. ##### n.11.547. Annus **Title** Joannis Antonii Scopoli... *Annus* I. \[-V\] *historico-naturalis*... Lipsiae \[Leipzig\] (sumtib. Christ. Gottlob Hilscheri\] 1769 \[-1772\]. 5 vols. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Annus hist*.-*nat.* **Notes** *1*: 1769, p. \[1\]-168. *2*: 1769, p. \[1\]-118. *3*: 1769, p. \[1\]-108. *4*: 1770 (GGA 23 Sep 1771; Jenaische Zeit. 2 Sep 1771), p. \[1\]-150, *2 pl*. (uncol. copp.), chart. *5*: 1772 (GGA 21 Nov 1772), p. \[1\]-112. *Copies*: FI, G, M, MO, NY, PH. *Ref*.: Mathews & Iredale, Austral. Avian Rec. 5: 57-59. 1923. ##### n.11.548. Dissertationes ad scientiam naturalem pertinentes **Title** Joann. Ant. Scopoli,... *Dissertationes ad scientiam naturalem pertinentes*. Pars i. Tentameli mineralogicum de schematibus metallorum. De minera argenti rubra. De sinopi hungarica Sinopi dicta. Plantae subtereaneae \[sic\] descriptae & delineatae. Pragae \[Praha\] (sumtibus Wolfgangi Gerle) 1772. Oct. †. **Abbreviated title**: *Diss. sci. nat.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1772, p. \[1\]-120, *pl. 1-4.6* (uncol. copp.). *Copy*: PH. – Plantae subterraneae on p. 84-120. *pl. 1-46.* ##### n.11.549. Introducilo ad historiam naturalem **Title** Joannis Ant. Scopoli... *Introducilo ad historiam naturalem* sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus \[sic\] essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae... Pragae \[Praha\] (apud Wolfgangum Gerle, ...) 1777. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Mr. hist. nat.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Jan-Apr 1777 (RS. p. 141; GGA 24 Oct 1778), p. \[i-x\], \[3\]-506, \[507-540, indexes\]. *Copies*: FI, G, HH, KU, L, M, MO, NY, PH, U; IDC 5737. ##### n.11.550. Fundamenta botanica **Title** Joann. Antonii Scopoli... *Fundamenta botanica* praelectionibus publicis accomodata. Papiae \[Pavia\] (in typographeo Monast. S. Salvatoris...) 1783. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Fund. bot.* **Notes** *Ed*. \[*1*\]: 1783 (p. 6: 25 Nov 1782), p. \[1\]-174, \[1, err.\], *pl. 1-10* (uncol. copp. J. Lafranchi). *Copies*: B, G, HH, KU, MO, NY. *Ed*. \[*2*\]: 1786 (p. \[2\]: Jun 1786), p. \[i\], \[1\]-188, \["180"\], *pl. 1-10* (id.). *Copies*: B-S, HH, NY, US. – Viennae \[Wien\] (apud Wapplerum bibliopolam) 1786. Oct. *Ed*. \[*3*\]: 1802 (p. 174: 3 Mai 1802), p. \[1\]-174, *pl. 1-10* (id.). *Copies*: FI, NY. – Venetiis \[Venetia\] (apud Justitium Pasquali Marii fil...) 1802. Oct. – A copy at MO, with the same collation, has an imprint "In Venezia 1802. Presso Giustino Pasquali q. Mario. Con Privilegio". ##### n.11.551. Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae **Title** *Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae* seu novae, aut minus cognitae species plantarum et animalium quas in Insubria austriaca tarn spontaneas, quam exoticas vidit, descripsit, et aeri incidi curavit Joannes Antonius Scopoli... Pars I \[-III\] Ticini \[Pavia\] (ex Typographia Reg. & Imp. Monasterii S. Salvatoris...) 1786 \[-1788\]. 3 vols. Fol. **Abbreviated title**: *Delic. fl. faun. insubr.* **Notes** *1*: Jan-Jun 1786 (TL-1), p. \[i\*, iii\*\], i-ix, \[1\]-85, \[86\], *pl. 1-25* (uncol. copp.). *2*: Feb-Mar 1787 (t.p. 1786; letters Scopoli to A. Castiglioni at PAV dated 4 Feb and 19 Mar 1787; H.W. Lack), p. \[i\*, iii\*\], \[i-ii\], 1-115, *pl. 1-25.* *3*: Jan-Sep 1788, p. \[i\*, iii\*\], \[i-ii\], 1-87, *pl. 1-25.* *Copies*: BR, FI, G, MO, NY, PH, Teyler, USDA; IDC 5738. – Each volume starts off with an engraved t.p. \[i\*\] and a second t.p. with frontisp. engraving \[iii\*\]. – The plates are engravings of drawings by B. Bordiga, J. Cairoli, J.F. Chiesa and J. Lafranchi. – "Insubria" is cisalpine Gallia (Gallia transpadana, north of the Adda and Ticinus).