> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 108](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33333247) of TL-2 Vol. V
> Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/9008-1) LSID 9008-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6096135) QID Q6096135
> Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]]
### Author
Schaerer, Ludwig Emanuel \[Louis-Emmanuel\] (1785-1853), Swiss (Bern) clergyman and lichenologist; studied theology; teacher at a Bern primary school 1806-1808; ordained 1808; high school teacher 1813, conrector gymnasii 1814; director of the municipal orphanage 1819; pastor at Lauperswil (canton Bern) 1826, later in Belp (idem) until 1852.
**Abbreviated name**: *Schaer.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Schaer.*\]
#### Herbarium and types
[[Collection G|G]] (lich.; Rev. bryol. 24: 64), [[Collection BERN|BERN]] (phan.); important collections also at [[Collection G|G]], [[Collection GL|GL]], [[Collection H|H]], [[Collection M|M]], [[Collection MPU|MPU]], [[Collection WRSL|WRSL]].
*Exsiccatae*: *Lichenes helvetici exsiccati*, fasc. 1-26, nos. 1-650. Bern 1823-1852. *Editio altera immutata*, fasc. 1-10, nos. 1-250. Bern 1842-1852. For details on publication see Sayre (1969). The labels on the exsiccata refer, from fasc. 4 onward, to the *Spicilegium* (see below); later numbers cite the *Enumeratio* (see below). Sets of exsiccatae at [[Collection BERN|BERN]] (both eds.), [[Collection BM|BM]] (both eds.), [[Collection BP|BP]], [[Collection BR|BR]], [[Collection C|C]], [[Collection DUKE|DUKE]], [[Collection FH|FH]], [[Collection G|G]], [[Collection GJO|GJO]], [[Collection GL|GL]], [[Collection GOET|GOET]], [[Collection H|H]], [[Collection HAL|HAL]], [[Collection IBF|IBF]], [[Collection K|K]](1-26), [[Collection KIEL|KIEL]], [[Collection L|L]], [[Collection LE|LE]], [[Collection LZ|LZ]] (destr.), [[Collection M|M]], [[Collection MANCH|MANCH]], [[Collection MASS|MASS]], [[Collection MICH|MICH]], [[Collection MPU|MPU]], [[Collection MSTR|MSTR]], [[Collection NEU|NEU]], [[Collection NY|NY]], [[Collection O|O]], [[Collection PC|PC]], [[Collection REG|REG]], [[Collection S|S]], [[Collection STU|STU]], [[Collection TCD|TCD]], [[Collection TO|TO]], [[Collection UPS|UPS]], [[Collection VER|VER]], [[Collection W|W]], [[Collection WRSL|WRSL]], [[Collection Z|Z]], [[Collection ZVS|ZVS]]. For a continuation of this series see J.A.P. Hepp, *Die Flechten Europas*.
#### Bibliography and biography
Barnhart 3: 220 (b. 6 Jul 1785, d. 3 Feb 1853); Biol.-Dokum. 15: 7906; BM 4: 1823; CSP 5: 439, 11: 298; DTS 1: xxiii, 264; GR p. 633-634, *pl*. \[*21*\]; GR, cat. p. 71; Hawksworth p. 185, 197; Herder p. 260; IH 1 (ed. 7): 342, 2: (files); Jackson p. 228, 343; Kelly p. 207, 259; Kew 4: 614; Krempelh. 2: 204-216; Lasègue p. 290; LS 23813-23826; PR 6470, 8118-8120, ed. 1: 7205, 9069; SBC p. 131; TL-2/1599, 5595, 5599, 6339, see J.A.P. Hepp; Urban-Berl. p. 290.
#### Biofile
- Anon., Bot. Not. 1853: 77 (obit.); Bull. Soc. bot. France 1: 107. 1854 (lichen herbarium bought by E. Boissier); Flora 37: 276-277. 1854 (d.), 48: 560. 1865 (BERN sells last extra set of exsicc); Österr. bot. W. 3: 76. 1853 (d.).
- Bridson, G.D.R. et al., Nat. hist. mss. res. Brit. Isl. 42.3. 1980.
- Candolle, Alph. de, Phytographie 446. 1880 (coll.; mentions a phanerogamic herb. at BERN).
- Fischer, Ed., Verh. Schweiz. naturf. Ges. 1914(2): 11, 18, 27. 1914 (brief biogr. note).
- Fischer, L., Actes Soc. helv. Sci. nat. 38: 296-300. 1853 (obit., bibl.).
- Guthnick, H.J., Flora 36: 167-173. 1853 (extensive obit.).
- Gyelnik, V.K., Ann. Hist.-nat. Mus. natl. Hung., Bot. 32: 204-205. 1939 (herb. at G).
- Harant, H., Rev. bryol. lichénol. 30: 136, 138. 1961 (on coll. at MPU).
- Laundon, J.R., Lichenologist 11: 16. 1979 (main coll. at G).
- Leighton, W.A., *in* W.J. Hooker, J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 285. 1854 (private lichen herb. sold to E. Boissier; some of the exsiccatae still available).
- Lynge, B., Nyt Mag. Naturv. Oslo 51: 114-115. 1913 (exsicc.).
- Müller, R.H.W. & R. Zaunick, Friedr. Traug. Kützing 212, 293. 1960.
- Rytz, W., Mitt. naturf. Ges. Bern 5: 31. 1922 (coll.).
- Sayre, G., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(1): 164-165. 1969 (on exsiccatae).
- Stafleu, F.A., *in* G.L. Daniels & F.A. Stafleu, Taxon 22: 704. 1973 (portr. bot. no. 49).
- Wagenitz, G., Index coll. princ. herb. Gott. 143-144. 1982.
#### Composite works
- (1) *Lichenes, in* A. Moritzi, *Syst. Verz.* 1846, p. 126-129, see TL-2/6339.
- (2) *Umbilicariae helveticae* descriptae a... *in* N.C. Seringe, *Musée helvétique d'histoire-naturelle* (partie botanique) livr. 4-5 (cahiers 7-10), Mai 1821, p. \[85\]-114, *pl. 3-5, 10-11, 14* (col. copp. F.M. Wyss). *Copies* at G, NY.
#### Eponymy
*Schaereria* Körber (1855).
### Publications
##### n.10.480. Lichenes helvetici parenchymate pulveraceo instructi
**Title**
*Lichenes helvetici parenchymate pulveraceo instructi*... Naturwissenschaftlicher Anzeiger... 5, 6. 1821. Qu.
**Notes**
*Publ*.: Nov-Dec 1821, in Naturw. Anz. allg. Schweiz. Ges. gesammt. Naturw. 5(5): \[33\]-37. Nov 1821, 5(6): \[41\]-43. Dec 1821.
##### n.10.481. Lichenes helvetici exsiccati
**Title**
*Lichenes helvetici exsiccati*... Bernae \[Bern\] (prostat in Lauperswyl \[sets 13-26: in Belp, pago...\] pagi Helveto-Bernensis, apud editorem...) 1823-1852.
**Abbreviated title**: *Lich. helv. exs.*
**Notes**
*Publ*.: 1823-1852, sets of exsiccatae with brief introductory texts. Published concurrently with the descriptive text in *Lich. helv. spic.*, see below. – *Copy*: G.
*1/2*: 1823, p. \[1-3\], with exs. nos. 1-51 \[sic\].
*3/4*: 1823, p. \[1-3\], nos. 51-100.
*5/6*: 1826, p. \[1-3\], nos. 101-152.
*7/8*: 1828, p. \[1-3\], p. nos. 153-200.
*9/10*: 1833, p. \[1-3\], nos. 201-250.
*11/12*: 1836, p. \[1-3\], nos. 251-300.
*13/14*: 1840, p. \[1-3\], nos. 301-349. Bernae (prostat in Belp, pago...).
*15/16*: 1840, p. \[1-3\], nos. 350-402.
*17/18*: 1842, p. \[1-3\], nos. 403-450.
*19/20*: 1843, p. \[1-3\], nos.451-500.
*21/22*: 1847, p. \[1-3\], nos. 501-550.
*23/24*: 1849 (Flora 21 Sep 1849), p. \[1-3\], nos. 501 \[for 551\]-600.
*25/26*: 1852, p. \[1-3\], nos. 601-650.
*Edilio altera immutata*: fasc. 1-10, 1842-1852. *Copy*: G(incompl.) Bernae (prostat in Belp, pago...) 1842-1852.
*1/2*: 1842, p. \[1-3\], nos. 1-51.
*3/4*: 1842, p. \[1-3\], nos. 51\*-100.
*5/6*: n.v. (nos. 101-152).
*7/8*: 1849, p. \[1-3\], nos. 153-200.
*9/10*: n.v.
##### n.10.482. Lichenum helvelicorum spicilegium
**Title**
*Lichenum helvelicorum spicilegium*... Bernae \[Bern\] (sumtibus auctoris excudebat officina Halleriana. Prostat in Lauperswyl \[sect. 8-12: in Belp\], pagi helveto-bernensis, apud editorem;... 1823-1842. Qu.
**Abbreviated title**: *Lich. helv. spic.*
**Notes**
*Pars prima*, continens sectiones i-vii. Illustrantes Lichenum exsiccatorum fasciculos i-xii: 1823-1836; t.p.: 1836 ("1823-1836"), p. \[i\].
*Sectio prima*: 1823, p. \[i\*-vi\*\], \[i-iv\], \[1\]-52. – Bernae (apud editorem et bibliopolam C.A. Jenni). 1823.
*Sectio secunda*: 1826, p. \[i-vi\], \[53\]-100. – Bernae (Typis Ludov. Alberti Haller) 1826.
*Sectio tertia*: 1828 (Flora Mar-Apr 1828), p. \[i-vi\], \[101\]-156.
*Sectio quarto et quinta*: 1833, p. \[i\], 157-206, \[quinta:\] \[207\]-261.
*Sectio sexta*: 1833 (Flora rd. 11 Dec 1833), p. \[263\]-319.
*Sectio septima*: 1836 (Flora 10 Aug 1836), p. \[321\]-380.
*Pars secunda* t.p.: 1842 ("1839-1842"), p. \[i\].
*Sectio octava*: 1839(Hinrichs 28 Jun-4 Jul 1840), p. \[381\]-412.
*Sectio nona*: 1840 (Flora rd. Jun-Dec 1840), p \[413\]-452.
*Sectio decima*: 1840 (Hinrichs 6-12 Sep 1840), p. \[453\]-510.
*Sectio undecima*: 1842, p. \[511\]-551.
*Sectio duodecima*: 1842, p. \[552\]-632.
*Copies*: Almborn, BR, G, HH, L, M, MICH, MO, NY, Peterson, PH, USDA; IDC 589; on p. 632: 250 copies printed.
|part |section |pages |date |fasc. exs. |nos. exs. |date exs.|
|--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |
|1 |1 |1-52 |1823 |1-2 |1-50 |1823|
| | | | |3-4 |51-100 |1823|
| |2 |53-100 |1826 |5-6 |101-152 |1826|
| |3 |102-156 |1828 |7-8 |153-200 |1828|
| |4-5 |157-261 |1833 |9-10 |201-250 |1833|
| |6-7 |263-380 |1833, 1836 |11-12 |251-300 |1836|
|2 |8 |381-412 |1839 |13-14 |301-349 |1840|
| |9 |413-452 |1840 |13-14 |301-349 |1840|
| |10 |453-510 |1840 |15-16 |350-402 |1840|
| |11 |511-551 |1842 |15-16 |350-402 |1840|
| |12 |552-632 |1842 |17-18 |403-450 |1842|
| | | | |19-20 |451-500 |1843|
| | | | |21-22 |501-550 |1847|
| | | | |23-24 |551-600 |1849|
| | | | |25-26 |601-650 |1852|
| | | | |Ed. altera:|
| | | | |1-4 | |1842|
| | | | |5-6 | |1849|
| | | | |7-8 | |1849|
| | | | |9-10 | |1852|
*Ref*. Flotow, J. von, Bot. Zeit. 3: 231-234, 253-261. 1845.
- Massalongo, A., Summa animadversionum quas fecit Doct. A. prof. Massalongo in duos postremos fasciculos lichenum helveticorum editos a L.E. Schaerer a. 1852. (Lich. helv. exs. fasc. xxv-xxvi). Veronae (Typis Antonellianis) 1853, p. \[1\]-13.
- *Copies*: Almborn, FH, G.
##### n.10.483. Enumeratio critica lichenum europaeorum
**Title**
*Enumeratio critica lichenum europaeorum*, quos ex nova methodo digerit Ludov. Emanuel Schaerer,... Accedunt tabulae decern, quibus cuncta lichenum europaeorum genera et subgenera in lapidem delineata et per partes colorata illustrantur. Bernae \[Bern\] (sumtibus auctoris excudebat officina Staempfliana. Prostat in Belp, pago helveto-bernensi, apud editorem, et in commissis Lipsiae apud Friedr. Fleischer) 1850. Oct.
**Abbreviated title**: *Enum. crit. lich. eur.*
**Notes**
*Publ*.: Aug-Sep 1850 (p. x: Aug 1850; rd. Regensburg Sep-Oct 1850; Hinrichs Jan-Mar 1851 ; Flora 7 Oct 1850 (rev.)), frontisp. portr. author, p. \[i\]-xxxvi, \[1\]-327, \[328\], *pl. 1-10* (p.p. col. liths. Hub. Meyer). *Copies*: Almborn, BR, FH, FI, G, HH, L, M, MICH, MO, NY, PH, Stevenson, US, USDA; IDC 6171. – The last lichen system founded mainly on external anatomy. No characters derived from spores were mentioned.
*Ref*.: Anon., Flora 33: 588-589. 7 Oct 1850 (rev.).
- Schlechtendal, D.F.L. von, Bot. Zeit. 9: 572. 8 Aug 1851 (rev.).
- *Summary*: Krempelhuber 2: 204-216.
- *Precursor*: Lichenum Europaeorum genera ex utraque methodo, artificiali et naturali, digesta,... Flora 32: \[289\]-299. 21 Mai 1849, also in Mitt. naturf. Ges. Bern 1849: 49-64.