> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 3](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33333180) of TL-2 Vol. V > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/12809-1) LSID 12809-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358261) QID Q1358261 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Salisbury, Richard Anthony (né Markham) (1761-1829), British botanist, gardener and botanical artist; educated at Edinburgh Univ.; had a garden at Chapel Allerton, Yorkshire; later owner of P. Collinson's garden at Mill Hill, London; secretary Hort. Soc. London 1805-1816. **Abbreviated name**: *Salisb.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Salisb.*\] #### Herbarium and types Some material (from the garden at Chapel Allerton) at [[Collection BM|BM]] (through J. Banks); no material at [[Collection K|K]] (see D. Meikle in *Note* 2, below). Several manuscripts and drawings (9 vols.) at [[Collection BM|BM]] (for letters to J. Banks see Dawson p. 729-730); some of Salisbury's notes and drawings of ericaceous plants may be at [[Collection K|K]] (Woodward 1904; R.D. Meikle in lit.). #### Note - (1) Son of Richard Markham; assumed the name Salisbury as a condition of a legacy (see e.g. Dawson p. 729-730). - (2) "It is true that the Burchell herbarium is incorporated in the general collections at Kew, but there is no evidence that it includes, or ever included, any Salisbury specimens, nor has anyone here ever seen a Salisbury specimen in our collections. Thanks to the kindness of H.M. Burdet (Conserv. et Jard. Bot., Genève), I have been able to trace the source of A.DC.'s statement. In 1877 De Candolle sent Sir W.J. Hooker a manuscript list of British authors, asking if he could say where their herbaria were located. Bentham returned the list in June 1878, and against Salisbury's name noted "la plupart (ou la totalité?) dans l'herbier de Burchell à Kew". The grounds for Bentham's annotation are obscure, perhaps he was misled by J.E. Gray's comment (in the preface to R.A. Salisbury, Genera of Plants, v; 1866) "... on the death of Mr. Salisbury, in 1829, the son (Dr. W.J. Burchell) inherited part of his property, and with some (I doubt if all) of his Mss.... Dr. Burchell died in 1864... The botanical collections were then given by his surviving sister to Sir William Hooker for the Kew Herbarium". Had Bentham read further, however, he would have seen that Burchell's sister deliberately excluded the Salisbury collections from the gift to Kew; moreover from what J.E. Gray says it is clear that the Salisbury *reliquiae* consisted only of manuscripts, letters, published papers and "a cabinet of seeds and fragments of plants". Part of this collection, including the specimens, was given by Gray to the British Museum, where it still remains. There is no evidence that Salisbury left a herbarium to Burchell, nor indeed is there any evidence that Salisbury ever possessed one. According to J.E. Gray (letter to A. De Candolle, dating 21st April, 1873, comm. Burdet) "R.A. Salisbury... cultivated and studied living plants. He had upwards of 2000 species in pots, in his little yard in Edgware Road after he had left his large garden at Mill Hill near London". If Salisbury had a herbarium, Gray makes no mention of it, though he was evidently very interested in Salisbury and his collections. It is safe to say that there are no Salisbury specimens at Kew, and if only to save others from fruitless enquiry, I think A. DC.'s statement should be corrected." \[D. Meikle, in lit. 30 Jun 1977\]. - (3) For generic names published by Salisbury in his reviews of Robert Brown's work see Mabberley (1980). - (4) For Salisbury's part in J. Knight, *Cult. Prot.* 1809, see TL-2/3759. #### Bibliography and biography AG 1: 180, 3: 516; Barnhart 3: 203; BB p. 266; Blunt p. 194, 202; BM 4: 1791; Bret. p. 209, 250; CSP 5: 378-379; Dawson p. p. 729-730; Desmond p. 537 (b. 2 Mai 1761, d. 23 Mar 1829); DNB 50: 192 (17: 681-683); Dryander 3: 88, 231, 259, 316, 647; Frank 3 (Anh.): 88; GF p. 75; Henrey 2: 739 \[index\], 3: nos. 1297-1299; Herder p. 151, 294, 308, 313, 324, 345; Hortus 3: 1203; IF p. 728; Jackson p. 112, 135, 233, 410, 413; Kew 4: 577; Langman p. 667; Moebius p. 128, 141; MW p. 424; NAF ser. 2. 2: 170; NI 912, 1719; Plesch p. 395; PR 8000-8004, 9272, ed. 1: 8959-8962, 10245; Rehder 5: 755; SO 786; Sotheby 670; TL-1/601, 1143-1144, see E. Rudge; TL-2/3759, 8404, 10.067, see W. Hooker; Tucker 1: 620; Zander ed. 10, p. 710, ed. 11, p. 810. #### Biofile - Allibone, S.A., Crit. dict. Engl. litt. 2: 1916. 1878. - Anon., Brit. Mus. gen. cat. print. books 211: 834. 1964; North Gard. 36(1): 17-19. 1982. - Arditti, J., ed., et al., Orchid biol. 1: 159-174. 1977. - Baker, J.G., Bot. Trans. Yorksh. Natural. Union: 1-197, 199-200. 1891. - Bentham, G., Fl. Austral. 6: 350, 352. 1873. - Boulger, G.A., Gard. Chron. 1904(1): 148 (biogr. sketch, note on Knight's *Cult. Prot.*). - Bridson, G.D.R. et al., Nat. hist. mss. Brit. Isles 434 \[index\]. 1980. - Britten, J., J. Bot. 24: 51-53. 296-300. 1886, 54: 57-65. 1916, 55: 345. 1917. - Candolle, A.P. de, Mém. Souvenirs 268, 275. 1862. - Candolle, Alph. de, Phytographie 446. 1880 (states, erroneously, that the entire herbarium or the major part of it is at K. See note 2, above, by R.D. Meikle). - Darlington, W., Memorials 474. 1849 (letter to W. Bartram). - Fletcher, H.R., Story R. Hort. Soc. 556 \[index\]. 1969. - Freeman, R.B., Brit. nat. hist. books 304. 1980. - Gillow, Joseph, Dict. Engl. catholics 4: 468-470. 1887 (bibl.). - Gray, J.E., *in* R.A. Salisbury, Gen pl. 1866, p. \[iii\]-vi, (introduction to posthumous publ.; lists documents and manuscripts). - Hadfield, M., Pioneers in gardening 104-108. 1951. - Hall, N., Botanists of the Eucalypts 112-113. 1978. - Herbert, W., Amaryllidaceae 295-296. 1837. - Lemmon, K., Northern Gard. 35: 126-128. 1981. - Mabberley, D.J., Taxon 29: 597-606. 1980 (generic names published in S's reviews of Robert Brown's works). - M.H., *in* J.C. Loudon, Gardener's Magazine 1835: 380 (tombstone; regrets lack of information on Salisbury). - Milner, J.D., Cat. portr. Kew 95. 1906. - Murray, G., *in* Hist. coll. BM(NH) 1: 179. 1904 (pl. Chapel Allerton in herb. Banks). - Salisbury, R.A., A letter to the editor of the Monthly Magazine, 5 p., London Apr 1808 (diatribe against J.E. Smith). - Simmonds, A., J.R. Hort. Soc. 69: 58-65, 95-100. 1944 (on S. as one of the founders of the RHS). - Smith, E., Life Joseph Banks 261. 1911. - Smith, P., Mem. corr. J.E. Smith 2: 329-330. 1832. - Stearn, W.T., Nat. Hist. Mus. S. Kensington 164. 1981. - Woodward, B.B., *in* Hist. coll. BM(NH) 1: 47. 1904 (mss. & drawings at BM and K). #### Composite works C.P. Thunberg, Dissertatio botanica de *Erica*,... editio altera curante Ricardo Antonio Salisbury,... Featherstone 1800, see under Thunberg (1785). #### Handwriting See D.J. McGillivray, Contr. N.S.W. Natl. Herb. 4(6): 369-372. 1973; H.J. Burdet, Candollea 33: 161-162. 1978 (Mc Gillivray compares the handwriting with that of J. Dryander (the two are very similar) and discusses Salisbury's manuscripts at BM). #### Eponymy *Salisburia* J.E. Smith (1797); *Salisburiana* A. Wood (1861, *orth. var.*); *Salisburya* Link (1822, *orth. var.*). ### Publications ##### n.10.118. Icones stirpium rariorum **Title** *Icones stirpium rariorum* descriptionibus illustratae, auctore Ricardo Antonio Salisbury,... Londini \[London\] (typis Gul. Bulmer) 1791. Fol. **Abbreviated title**: *Icon. stirp. rar.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1791 (p. \[v\]: Jan 1791), p. \[i-v\], 1-20, *pl. 1-10* (col. copp.). *Copies*: BM (incompl.), HH, NY (incompl.), Teyler. *Ref*.: Usteri, P., Neue Ann. Bot. 11: 150-158. 1796. ##### n.10.119. Prodromus stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium **Title** *Prodromus stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium*... Londini 1796. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Prodr. stirp. Chap. Allerton*. **Notes** *Publ*.: Nov-Dec 1796 (p. viii: Nov 1796), p. \[i\]-viii, \[1\]-422. *Copies*: BM, E (inf. J. Edmondson), G, HH, K, MO, NY; IDC 2322. – See Britten (1926) for taxa and collectors. *Ref*.: Britten, J., J. Bot. 54: 57-65. 1926 ("the plants of Salisbury's "Prodromus" (1796)). ##### n.10.120. The paradisus londinensis **Title** *The paradisus londinensis*: or coloured figures of plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis. By William Hooker, pupil of Francis Bauer, Esq.... vol. i... London (printed by D.N. Shury,... and published by William Hooker,...) 1805 \[-1808\]. 2 vols. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Parad. lond.* **Notes** *1*(*1*): 1 Jun 1805-1 Mai 1906 (dates on plates), p. \[i, t.p. as above, dated 1805\], \[iii, t.p. 1(1), dated 1806, mentioning Salisbury\], \[v, preface\], *pl. 1-35* with text, \[1, index sex.; 2, err.\]. – Second t.p.: *The paradisus londinensis*: containing plants cultivated in the vicinity of the metropolis. The descriptions by Richard Anthony Salisbury,... the figures by William Hooker, pupil of Francis Bauer esq.... vol. i, part i. London (printed by D.N. Shury,... and published by William Hooker,...) 1806. – Plates col. copper engr. by W. Hooker, with possibly, assistance by R.A. Salisbury for nos. 1-70. *Plate 14* large size (three times as large as the others) or cut in two as 14 and \[14bis\]. All plates with accompanying, unpaginated text (1-2 p.; *pl. 14*: 3 p.). *1*(*2*): 1 Jun 1806-1 Mai 1807 (dates on plates), p. \[i, t.p. 1(2)\], *pl. 36-56, 57* ("*67*"), *58-60, 61* ("*62*"), *62* ("*61*"), *63-70*, \[1, index sex. ii, index nom.\]. – *Pl 67* large size (as *14*) or cut in two as 67 and \[67bis\]. *2*(*1*): 1 Jun 1807-1 Mai 1808 (dates on plates), p. \[i, t.p. 2(1)\], *pl. 71-86, 87* ("*88*"), *88* ("*87*"), *89-106* \[1, index sex.; 2, ind. nom., err.\]. *2*(*2*): 1 Jun 1808-1 Sep 1808 (dates on plates), p. \[i, t.p., 2(2)\], *pl. 107-109, 110* ("*112*"), *111-117*, four lvs text for *71, 72, 73, 74* (cancellantia; main change: *Bartonia* changed to *Hibbertia* on *73*), *pl. 84, 93* and *111* double (analysis based on *copy* Teyler); other copies have also text for *pl. 118-122* (plates themselves never issued). *Copies*: E, FI (incompl.), G, H-UB (incompl.), HH, NY, PH (incompl.), Teyler, USDA (*pl. 115-117* missing); IDC 629. – Part 1 of vol. 1 was apparently first issued with the above cited 1805 t.p. (copies: E, Teyler, USDA). In 1806 this part was reissued with a title-page stating that the descriptions were by R.A. Salisbury. On the 1805 title-page William Hooker's name is mentioned as "by William Hooker" which is the reason that he is often cited as the author. It is clear, however, that Hooker made the drawings and that Salisbury was reponsible for the descriptions and names. The plates are all dated; in general such dates were intended as dates of publication. These dates must be regarded as correct until there is evidence that actual publication took place at a later date. The book seems to have been issued in 40 parts from 1805 to 1808 (1809 according to Pritzel, but latest date on plates is 1 Sep 1808). The originals for the plates *1-70* (which make up vol. 1, parts 1 and 2) were perhaps the joint work of William Hooker and Salisbury; they are at BM together with the manuscripts of the descriptions. Volume 2 consists of the plates *71-117* whereas the descriptions run to *t. 122.* G.S. Bunyard states (see TL-2/2: 283), that some copies have two versions of the text belonging to plate *64*, one entitled *Anneslia falcifolia*, the other *Anneslia grandiflora*. John Collins (Sotheby 670) mentions also a cancelled (*Burtonia grossulariaefolia*) for a cancellans (*Hibbertia grossulariaefolia* of the text to *p. 73.* The artist William Hooker (1779-1832) was a pupil of Bauer; not to be confused with William Jackson Hooker (1785-1865). *Ref*.: Britten, J., J. Bot. 24: 52, 296-300. 1886. - Junk, W., Rara 13, 116. 1900-1913. ##### n.10.121. The generic characters in the English botany **Title** *The generic characters in the English botany*, collated with those of Linné... London (printed by W. Bulmer and Co....) 1806. Oct. (in fours). **Abbreviated title**: *Gen. char. Engl. bot.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1806 (p. iv: 1 Feb 1806), p. \[i\]-iv, \[1\]-34. *Copies*: E, G. ##### n.10.122. The genera of plants **Title** *The genera of plants*... a fragment containing part of Liriogamae. London (John van Voorst,...) 1866. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Gen. pl.* **Notes** *Editor*. John Edward Gray (1800-1875). *Publ*.: Apr-Mai 1866 (p. vi: 1 Mar 1866; Flora 25 Aug 1866; J. Bot. Jun 1866), p. \[i\]-vi, \[1\]-143. *Copies*: BR, E, G, HH, MO, NY, PH, U, USDA; IDC 301. *Ref*.: Anon., J. Bot. 4: 179-183. Jun 1866 (rev.). - Gray, A., Amer. J. Sci. 92: 280. Sep 1866.