> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 1040](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33190511) of TL-2 Vol. IV > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/12807-1) LSID 12807-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61650) QID Q61650 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Sachs, \[Ferdinand Gustav\] Julius von (1832-1897), German (Silesian) botanist; outstanding plant physiologist; draftsman with J.E. Purkyné at Praha 1849-1851; studied at Praha University 1851-1856; Dr. phil. ib. 1856; habil. ib. 1857; teaching plant physiology at Praha 1857-1859; assistant at the Forestry College of Tharandt (nr. Dresden) 1859; id. at Poppelsdorf (nr. Bonn) 1859-1867; professor of botany Freiburg i.B. 1867-1868; full professor of botany at Würzburg 1868-1897; Geheimrat 1877; most influential nineteenth century botanist in promoting experimental botany. **Abbreviated name**: *Sachs* \[standard form in IPNI: *Sachs*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection WB|WB]] (destroyed); some material at [[Collection BR|BR]] (in herb. O. Dieudonné). – Sachs collected a Silesian herbarium in his youth at Breslau; this was stolen from him; the herbarium at [[Collection WB|WB]] was only for teaching purposes. – Letters to D.F.L. von Schlechtendal at [[Collection HAL|HAL]]. – Letters to W.G. Farlow at [[Collection FH|FH]]. #### Bibliography and biography Ainsworth p. 198, 283, 306, 308, 321; Biol.-Dokum. 15: 7788-7789; BJI 1: 50; BM 4: 1778-1779; Bossert p. 344; Collander hist. p. 42, 44, 45, 49, 94; CSP 5: 357-358, 8: 807-808, 11: 253, 18: 395; De Toni 1: cx, 2: cii; DSB 12: 58-60 (M. Bopp); Frank 3(Anh.): p. 87-88; GF p. 128; Herder p. 70, 95, 120, 271; IH 2: (files); Jackson p. 3, 54, 71, 72, 74, 90, 465; Kew 4: 560; Lenley p. 357; LS 23449-23454; Maiwald p. 69, 206, 230, 246; Moebius p. 455 \[index\]; Morren ed. 2, p. 10, ed. 10, p. 20; NI 1: 14, 204, 257, 3: 59; Plesch p. 394; PR 7948-7952, 10629; Rehder 5: 750; SO 866, 867; TL-2/see indexes; Tucker 1: 616. #### Biofile - Allen, C.E., Bull. Torrey bot. Club 60: 341-346. 1933 (Sachs, the last of the botanical epitomists). - Anon., Ber. Senckenb. naturf. Ges. Frankf. a.M. 1897: xv-xvi. (obit.); Bonplandia 9: 159. 1861; Bot. Centralbl. 36: 223. 1888 (declined call to München), 70: 336. 1896 (d.); Bot. Zeit. 19: 136. 1861 (call to Bonn), 20: 456. 1862 (professor's title), 25: 39. 1867 (app. Freiburg), 26: 304. 1868 (call to Würzburg), 55: 192. 1897 (d.), 55(2): 192. 1897; Flora 50: 29-30. 1867 (called to Freiburg i.B.), 51: 236. 1868 (called to Würzburg), 60: 560. 1877 (order Bayer. Krone); Hedwigia 36: (101). 1897 (d.); J. Bot. Morot 11: 206. 1896 (d.); Leopoldina 33: 89, 94-95. 1897 (obit.); Nat. Nov. 2: 142. 1880 (corr. memb. Akad. München), 19: 311. 1897 (d.), 21: 230. 1899 (G. Kraus succeeds Sachs); Österr. bot. Z. 11: 237. 1861 (app. Poppelsdorf), 13: 56. 1863 (professor's title), 17: 90. 1867 (app. Freiburg), 18: 203. 1868 (app. Würzburg), 47: 231. 1897 (d.). - Bachmann, Fr., Planta 17: i-xviii. 1932 (biogr., portr., evaluation). - Bergdolt, E., Karl von Goebel ed. 2. 261 \[index\]. 1941. - Bessey, C.E., Amer. Naturalist 31: 713-714. 1897 (brief obit. not.). - Burgeff, H. et al., Bericht ü.d. Festsitzung ani. d. hundertst. Wiederkehr d. Geburtst. v. J. von Sachs, Würzburg 1932, 23 p., reprinted from Verh. phys.-med. Ges. Würzburg ser. 2, 57. 1932. - Campbell, D.H., Bull. Torrey bot. Club 60: 331-333. 1933 (influence of Sachs' textbook on American botany). - Conert, H.J., Senckenbergiana, Biol. 48(C): 34. 1967 (on Sömmerring Preis 1881). - Darwin, F., Nature 56: 201-202. 1897 (obit.). - Fletcher, H.R., Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 174-176, 198. 1970. - Freund, H. & A. Berg et al., Gesch. Mikroskopie 373 \[index\]. 1963. - Glass, B. et al., Forerunners of Darwin 115, 162, 329. 1968. - Goebel, K., Flora 84: 101-130. 1897 (portr., biogr., bibl.); Science 7: 662-668, 695-702. 1898 (translation of Flora obit. by E.D. Shipley). - Harvey, R.B., Plant Physiology 4: 155-157. *pl. 3* (portr.). 1929. - Harvey Gibson, R.J., Outlines hist. bot. 274 \[index\]. 1914. - Hauptfleisch, P., München. med. Wochenschr. 44(26): 709-711. 1897 (obit.); Professor Julius von Sachs. Gedächtnisrede, Würzburg 1897, 41 p. also published in Verh. phys.-med. Ges. Würzburg 31: 425-465. 1898 (obit., portr., bibl.). - Henriques, J., Bot. Soc. Broter. 15: 3-5. 1898 (obit.). - Hottes, C.F., Ann. Missouri bot. Gard. 19: 15-30. 1932 (contr. to botany by Sachs). - Hryniewiecki, B., Edward Strasburger 10, 47, 48, 88. 1938. - Hygen, G., Blyttia 5: 33-40. 1947 (evaluation 50 years after his death; portr.). - James, W.O., Endeavour 28: 60-64. 1969 (Sachs and the 19th century renaissance of botany). - Kralik, D. von, Forschungen und Fortschritte, Nachr.-Bl. deut. Wiss. Techn. 8: 363-364. 1932 (100th birthday). - Lütjeharms, W.J., Gesch. Mykol. 10, 16, 23, 33, 231. 1936. - Mägdefrau, K., Gesch. Bot. 313 \[index\]. 1973. - Matsumura, J., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 11: 353-357. 1897 (obit., Japanese). - Milner, J.D., Cat. portr. Kew 94. 1906. - Morton, A.G., Hist. bot. Sci. 149, 420, 424-428, 463. 1981. - Noll, F., Julius von Sachs, ein Nachruf, Braunschweig 1897, 21 p. (obit., many original details), reprinted from Naturw. Rundschau 12(36/37): 495 f. 1897; Bot. Gaz. 25: 1-2. 1898 (abridged version of Noll 1897, portr., biogr. sketch). - Nordenskiöld, E., Hist. biol. 551, 575-578, 580, 587, 605. 1949. - Oliver, F.W., Makers Brit. bot. 331 \[index\]. 1913. - Overbeck, F., Decheniana 105/106: 19-23, *pl. I.* 1952 (on Sachs at Poppelsdorf 1860-1867). - Pringsheim, E.G., Julius Sachs, der Begründer der neueren Pflanzenphysiologie 1832 bis 1897, Jena 1932, xii, 302 p., *13 pl*. (rev. L. Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 66(Lit.): 8. 1934; Lotos 80: 1-4. 1932); Regnum vegetabile 71: 163-168. 1970 (additions to the main biogr.). - Reinke, J., Mein Tagewerk 493 \[index\]. 1925. - Roberts, H.F., Plant hybrid. before Mendel 81. 1965 (Sachs' opinion of Sprengel). - Rodgers, A.D., Amer. bot. 1873-1892. p. 366 \[index\]. 1944. - Schmid, G., Goethe u.d. Naturw. 1900, nos. 1825, 1868, 1887. - Skinner, H.M., The Student, Valparaiso, Indiana, U.S.A. 1892: 257-261. - Taton, R., ed., Science in the 19th century 612 \[index\]. 1965. - True, R.H., Bull. Torrey bot. Club 60: 335-340. 1933 (Sachs the man and the teacher). - Veer, P.H.W.A.M. de, Leven en werk van Hugo de Vries 58-61. 1969 (2 portr.). - Vincs, S.H., Proc. R. Soc. London 62: xxiv-xxix. 1898 (obit.). - Voit, G., S.B. Akad. Wiss. München, mat.-phys. Cl. 28: 478-487. 1899 (obit.). - Wittrock, V.B., Acta Horti Berg. 3(2): 140-141, *pl. 24.* 1903, 3(3): xxvi-xxvii, 150, *pl. 88.* 1905 (portr.). #### Thesis *Physiologische Untersuchungen über die Keimung der Schminkbohne* (Phaseolus multiflorus), Wien 1859, 65 p., S.B. Akad. Wiss. Wien 37: 57-119. 1859. #### Main biography and bibliography E.G. Pringsheim, *Julius Sachs*, der Begründer des neueren Pflanzenphysiologie 1832-1897, Jena (Gustav Fischer) 1932, xii, 303 p. (biogr., portr, handwriting), part of correspondence, secondary references, bibl.). *Nachtrag* in Essays in Biohistory, Regn. reg. 71: 163-168. 1970. #### Handwriting E.G. Pringsheim, Julius Sachs, pl. between p. 240-241. #### Note - (1): Julius Sachs, b. Baltimore Md. 6 Jul 1849, d. 2 Feb 1934, was an American educator who wrote on science education in *Torreya*. - (2) We have no information on Franz Jakob Sachs, who published a dissertation *De Ulmo* in Strassburg 1738 \[Dissertatio inauguralis medica *de Ulmo* quam consensu gratiosi medicorum ordinis pro honoribus atque privilegiis doctoralibus obtinendis ad diem xi. Aprilis mdccxxxviii... Argentorati, Literis heredum Johannes Pastorii, p. \[i-iv\], \[1\]-36. *Copy*: USDA\]. - (3) During his years at Praha, Sachs published in Czech in the Bohemian journal Živa (edited by J.E. Purkyne) under the name *Julia Saxa*. The papers in Živa are listed e.g. by Goebel (1897) (titles in German translation) and Pringsheim (1932). - (4) Carl (Karl) Sachs (1853-1878), German traveller and zoologist, wrote e.g. *Aus den Llanos*, Schilderungen einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise nach Venezuela, Leipzig 1879, vii, ii, 369 p., *1 pl*.; travelled in Venezuela 1876-1877. #### Composite works - (1) Hofmeister, W.F.B., ed., *Handbuch der physiologischen Botanik*... vol. 4, 1865 by J. Sachs, *Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen*. - (2) *Arbeiten des botanischen Instituts... Würzburg*, vols. 1-3, Leipzig, 1871-1888. - (3) *Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie*, 2 vols., Leipzig 1892-1893, x, 1293 p., *10 pl*. – See e.g. F. Noll, Bot. Jahrb. 16 (Lit.): 42-43. 27 Jun 1893. #### Eponymy *Sachsia* Grisebach (1866); *Sachsia* Bay (1894). ### Publications ##### n.9952. Über einige neue mikroskopisch-chemische Reactionsmethoden **Title** *Über einige neue mikroskopisch-chemische Reactionsmethoden*... Wien (aus der k.k. Hof– und Staatsdruckerei...) 1859. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1859, p. \[1\]-24, *2 col. pl. Copy*: M. – Reprinted and to be cited from S.B. kais. Akad. Wiss., Wien, math.-nat. Cl. 36: 5-36. 1859. ##### n.9953. Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen **Title** *Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen*. Untersuchungen über die allgemeinesten Lebensbedingungen der Pflanzen und die Functionen ihrer Organe... Leipzig (Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann) 1865. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Handb. Exp.-Physiol. Pfl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1865 (p. vi: 8 Oct 1865), p. \[ii\]-ix, \[1\]-514. *Copy*: U. – Handb. physiol. Bot., ed. W. Hofmeister, vol. 4, 1865. ##### n.9954. Lehrbuch der Botanik **Title** *Lehrbuch der Botanik* nach dem gegenwärtigen Stand der Wissenschaft... Leipzig (Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann) 1868. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Lehrb. Bot.* **Notes** *Ed*.\[*1*\]: 1868 (p. iv: 27 Jun 1868; Flora 30 Sep 1868), p. \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-632. *Copies*: BR, G, HH, NY, U. *Ed. 2*: 1870 (p. iv: 24 Mai 1870; rev. A. de Bary, Bot. Zeit. 11 Nov 1870), p. \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-688. *Copies*: FH, FI, G, HH, H, M, NY. – "Zweite vermehrte und theilweise umgearbeitete Auflage..." Leipzig (id.) 1870. Oct. *Ed. 3*: Nov-Dec 1872 (p. vi: 5 Nov 1872; Litter. Centralbl. 19 Jul 1873; published in two parts: 1-336. Nov 1872, 317-end. Dec 1872, see Bot. Zeit. 30: 820, 883. 1872), p. \[i\]-xvi, \[1\]-848. *Copies*: BR, FI, G, H, HH, NY. – Dritte abermals vermehrte und stellenweise neubearbeitete Auflage..." Leipzig (Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann) 1873. Oct. – Part 3 issued separately as Grundzüge der Pflanzen-Physiologie, 1873, see below. *Ed. 4*: 1874 (p. vi: 2 Mai 1874; Flora review dated 6 Oct 1874; Bot. Zeit. 7 Aug 1874), p. \[i\]-xvi, \[1\]-928. *Copies*: G, H, HH, M, MO, NY, U(2), USDA. – Vierte umgearbeitete Auflage...". *Continuation*: see below, 1882, *Varies. Pfl.-Physiol.* *French*: 1874 (BSbF Jul 1874: completed; Dec 1873: fasc. 1-3 ready, four to follow; J. Bot. Nov 1873: fasc. 1), p. \[i\]-xliii, \[1\]-1120. *Copies*: FI, G, HH, NY, USDA. – *Traité de botanique* conforme à l'état présent de la science par J. Sachs... traduit de l'allemand sur la 3e édition et annoté par Ph. Van Tieghem \[Philippe Édouard Léon\] Van Tieghem (1839-1914)\]... Paris (Librairie F. Savy...) 1874. Oct. (*Traité bot.*). –Based on *Lehrb. bot.* ed. 3, 1873. *English*: 1875 (p. \[vii\]: Feb 1875; J. Bot. Mai 1875), p. \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-858. *Copies*: E, MICH, MO, NY, PH, USDA. – *Text-book of botany* morphological and physiological... translated and annotated by Alfred W. Bennett \[1833-1902\],... assisted by W.T. Thiselton Dyer \[1843-1928\]",... Oxford (at the Clarendon Press) 1875 (*Text-book bot.*). – Based on *Lehrb. Bot.* ed. 3, 1873, with material from ed. 4, 1874 in footnotes. – *Reviews*: H. Trimen, J. Bot. 13: 213-216. 1875. *English, ed. 2*: 1882, (p. vii: Aug 1882; Nat. Nov. Oct(1) 1882; Bot. Zeit. 24 Nov 1882), p. \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-980. *Copies*: G, HH, MICH, NY, PH, USDA. "*Text-book of botany* morphological and physiological... edited, with an appendix, by Sydney H. Vines \[1849-1934\]. Review: A.W.B., J. Bot. 20: 348-349. 1882. ##### n.9955. Ueber den gegenwärtigen Zustand der Botanik in Deutschland **Title** *Ueber den gegenwärtigen Zustand der Botanik in Deutschland*. Rede zur Feier des 290. Stiftungstages der Julius-Maximilians-Universität gehalten von Professor Dr. Julius Sachs, zeitigem Rector, am 2. Januar 1872. Würzburg (Druck der F.E. Thein'schen Buchdruckerei) \[1872\]. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Zustand Bot. Deutschl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1872 (shortly after 2 Jan 1872, date of address; Flora 11 Jun 1872), p. \[1\]-28. *Copies*: G, M, U. ##### n.9956. Grundzüge der Pflanzen-Physiologie **Title** *Grundzüge der Pflanzen-Physiologie*. Separatabdruck des dritten Buchs der dritten Auflage des Lehrbuchs der Botanik (1873)... Leipzig (Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann) 1873. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Grundz. Pfl.-Physiol.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1873, (Bot. Zeit. 31 Oct 1873), p. \[i\]-viii, \[1\]-270. *Copy*: U. – Reprinted from Lehrb. Bot. ed. 3, 1873. ##### n.9957. Geschichte der Botanik **Title** *Geschichte der Botanik* vom 16. Jahrhundert bis 1860... Auf Veranlassung und mit Unterstützung seiner Majestät des Königs von Bayern Maximilian ii, herausgegeben durch die historische Commission bei der königl. Academie der Wissenschaften. München (Druck und Verlag von R. Oldenbourg) 1875. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Gesch. Bot.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1875 (p. x: 22 Jul 1875; J. Bot. Dec 1875; Bot. Zeit. 29 Oct 1875), p. \[iv\]-xii, \[1\]-612. *Copies*: FI, G, H, HH, MICH, MO, NY, PH, U(2).- p. \[iv\]: "Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Deutschland, Neuere Zeit. Fünfzehnter Band..." – Some copies have an advertisement for this series on p. \[i-ii\]. *Facsimile ed*.: 1966, p. \[iii-vi, new preface material\], \[vii\]-xii, \[1\]-608. *Copies*: FAS, NY. –New York (Johnson Reprint Corporation), Hildesheim (Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung) 1966. Oct. – The index on p. 609-612 of the original is not reproduced in his reprint. *English*(*1*): 1890 (p. xii: 24 Mar 1889; ÖbZ for Mai 1890; Bot. Zeit. 28 Mar 1890; Bot. Centralbl. 19 Mar 1890; Flora 5 Jul 1890; Nat. Nov. Mar(1). 1890), p. \[i\]-xv, \[xvi, err.\], \[1\]-568. *Copies*: E, NY, PH. – "*History of botany* (1530-1860) by Julius von Sachs ... authorised translation by Henry E.F. Garnsey \[1826-1903\],... revised by Isaac Bayley Balfour \[1853-1922\],... "Oxford (at the Clarendon Press) 1890. Oct. (*Hist. bot.*). – This English translation contains a new introduction by Sachs giving the general outlines of his views on the development of botany. He also notes to have overestimated the ideas of C. Darwin and C. v. Naegeli. *English*(*2*): 1906 (Bot. Centralbl. 7 Mai 1907; Nat. Nov. Feb(1) 1907), p. \[i\]-xv, \[1\]-568. *Copies*: MICH, U, USDA. – "Second impression" Oxford (id.) 1906. Oct. *Reissue*: 1967, New York (Russell & Russel). *Copy*: NY. *Continuation*: J. Reynolds Green, *A history of botany* 1860-1900 being a continuation of Sachs "History of botany, 1530-1860"... Oxford (at the Clarendon Press) 1909. *French*: 1892 (p. xiii: 22 Jul 1891; Bot. Zeit. 1 Apr 1893; Nat Nov. Oct(2) 1892), p. \[iii\]-xvi, \[1\]-584. *Copies*: BR, FAS, FI, G, NY, U. – "*Histoire de la botanique* du xvi siècle a 1860 par le Dr Julius von Sachs... traduction française par Henry de Varigny \[1855-?\]..." Paris (C. Reinwald & Cie.,...) 1892. Oct. (*Hist. de bot.*). – Contains an introduction by Sachs similar to that to the English translation. ##### n.9958. Vorlesungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie **Title** *Vorlesungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie*... Leipzig (Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann) 1882. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Vorles. Pfl.-Physiol.* **Notes** *Ed*. \[*1*\]: Jul, Oct 1882 (p. v: 27 Jun 1882; published in 2 parts: p. 1-432. Jul 1882 (Bot. Zeit. 25 Aug 1882; Nat. Nov. Aug(1) 1882), part 2: p. 433-991. Oct 1882 (Nat. Nov. Nov(2) 1882; Bot. Zeit. 29 Dec 1882), p. \[i\]-xi, \[xii\], \[1\]-991. *Copy*: U. –Copy BM lists viii extra pages. *Ed. 2*: 1887 (Bot. Zeit. 30 Dec 1887; Nat. Nov. Dec(2) 1887), p. \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-884. *Copies*: C, G, GB, H, ILL, LD, NSUB, U, US. *English*: 1887 (Nat. Nov. Aug(1) 1887), p. \[i\]-xiv, \[xv\], \[1\]-836. *Copies*: ILL, MO, USDA. – "Lectures on the physiology of plants... translated by H.M. Ward \[Henry Marshall Ward, 1854-1906\]..." Oxford (at the Clarendon Press) 1887. Oct. *Ref*.: Noll, F., Bot. Zeit. 46: 319-321. 18 Mai 1888 (rev.). ##### n.9959. Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie **Title** *Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie*... Leipzig (Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann) 1892-1893, 2 vols. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Ges. Abh. Pfl.-Physiol.* **Notes** *1*: 1892 (p. vii: 31 Jul 1892; Bot. Zeit. rev. 23 Dec 1892), p. \[i\]-vii, \[ix-x\], \[1\]-674. *2*: 1893 (Bot. Zeit. rev. 1 Mai 1893, p. \[i-iii\], \[675\]-1243, *pl. 1-10. Copies*: U(2).