> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 590](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33190061) of TL-2 Vol. IV > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/25371-1) LSID 25371-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444984) QID Q444984 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Raunkiaer, Christen Christiansen (1860-1938), Danish botanist; Mag. Sci. Kjøbenhavn 1885; assistant at the Botanical Garden ib. 1893-1911; lecturer at the University 1909; professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden ib. 1912-1923, succeeding E. Warming; versatile botanist and ecologist("plant life forms", Taraxacum). **Abbreviated name**: *Raunk.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Raunk.*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection C|C]]; other material at [[Collection BR|BR]], [[Collection L|L]], [[Collection MO|MO]], [[Collection NY|NY]]. #### Note Original name Christen Christiansen, the name Raunkiaer was taken from the farm on which he was born. #### Bibliography and biography Barnhart 3: 131 (b. 29 Mar 1860, d. 11 Mar 1938); BFM no. 1445, 2609, 2741-2743; BJI 2: 142; BL 1: 47, 2: 49, 54, 56, 706; BM 4: 1651, 8: 1050-1051; Bossert p. 325; Christiansen p. 319 \[index\] 1936; (Hollander hist. p. 67; CSP 11: 114, 18: 65; GR p. 685; IH 2: (in press); Kew 4: 412; KR p. 583; Langman p. 613; Lenley p. 340; LS 3264, 21783-21786, 38199, 41622; NI 1586na; Rehder 1: 357, 2: 792; Stevenson p. 1255. #### Biofile - Anon., Bot. Centralbl. 117: 640. 1911 (app. Copenhagen); Mycol. Centralbl. 1: 33. 1912 (app. prof., dir. Copenhagen); Österr. bot. Z. 62: 39. 1912 (succeeds Warming at Copenhagen). - Christensen, C., Dansk. bot. litt. 1880-1911, p. 105-107. 1913 (bibl., portr.), id. 1912-1939, p. 8-12. 1940 (bibl., portr.). Dansk. bot. hist. 1: 836-845, 882. 1926; Dansk biogr. leks. 19: 265-270. 1940. - Gager, C.S., Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 27(3): 190. 1938. - Gilbert-Carter, H., Proc. Linn. Soc. 151: 248-251. 1941 (obit.). - Gram, K., Bot. Tidsskr. 44: 255-259. 1938 (obit., portr.). - Hansen, A., Dansk bot. Ark. 21: 70. 1963. - Iltis, H., Life of Mendel 166. 1966. - Lind, J., Danish fungi herb. E. Rostrup 37. 1913. - Paulsen, O., Naturens Verden 22: 241-247. 1938 (obit., portr.); Overs. k. danske vidensk. Selsk. wirksomh. Jun 1937-Mai 1938: 67-89. 1938 (obit., portr.). - Petersen, O.G., Dansk biogr. lex. 13: 528-530. 1899. - Verdoorn, F., ed., Chron. bot. 1: 115. 1935, 2: 112, 193, 196, 239. 1936, 4: 117, 266-268, 271. 1938 (obit.), 5: 134. 1939. #### Composite works *Sapotaceae*, in E. Warming, *Symb*. 31: 1-10. 8 Mai 1890. ### Publications ##### n.8653a. Myxomycetes Daniae **Title** *Myxomycetes Daniae* eller Danmarks Slimsvampe tilligemed et Forsøg tel en Myxomyceternes Systematik... Kjøbenhavn (i Kommision hos J. Frimodt...) 1888. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Myxomyc. Dan.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Nov 1888 (t.p. date preprint; Nat. Nov. Dec(1) 1888), p. \[1\]-88, *pl. 2-5. Copies*: FH, FI, NY. – Preprinted from Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 20-96, *pl*. 2-5. Nov 188, 97-105. 30 Nov 1889. *Summary* (English): 1889, 89-93. *Copy*: FI. – Reprinted from Bot. Tidsskr. 17(3): 106-110. Nov 1889 (Nat. Nov. Mar(1) 1890). *Ref*.: Rosenvinge, L.A.K., Bot. Centralbl. 38: 676-678. 1889 (rev.). ##### n.8654. Dansk Exkursions-Flora **Title** *Dansk Exkursions-Flora* eller Nøgle til Bestemmelsen af de danske Blomsterplanter og Karsporeplanter... Kjøbenhavn (Gyldendalske Bokhandels Forlag (F. Hegel & Son)...) 1890. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Dansk Exkurs.- Fl.* **Notes** *Ed. 1*: Jan-Jul 1890 (Bot. Centralbl. 3 Sep 1890; Bot. Zeit. 29 Aug 1890; Nat. Nov. Aug(2) 1890), p. \[i\]-xxxii, \[1\]-287, \[288, err.\]. *Copy*: NY. *Ed. 2*: Jan-Jun 1906 (Nat. Nov. Jul(2) 1906, Bot. Centralbl. 28 Aug 1906), p. \[i\]-xxxii, \[1\]-286. *Copies*: City Library Aarhus, H. – Anden Udgave. Kjøbenhavn og Kristiania (Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag...) 1906. Oct. – "There are few additions compared with ed. I. However, the "life-forms" concept which Raunkiaer had just introduced, is mentioned occasionally. A system of abbreviations for them is given on p. 274". (O. Almborn in litt.). *Ed. 3*: Jul-Sep 1914 (Nat. Nov. Oct 1914; Bot. Centralbl. 15 Dec 1904; ÖbZ 15 Mai 1915), p. \[i\]-xxxvi, \[1\]-330. *Copy*: LD. – Tredie udgave ved C.H. Ostenfeld \[Carl Emil Hansen Ostenfeld, 1873-1931\] og C. Raunkiaer, København og Kristiania (id) 1914. Oct. – Contains a more detailed survey of life forms. *Ed. 4*: Oct-Dec 1922 (p. vi: Oct 1922), p. \[i\]-xxxvi, \[1\]-354. *Copy*: LD. – Fjerde udgave ved C.H. Ostenfeld og C. Raunkiaer. Kjøbenhavn og Kristiania (id.) 1922. *Ed*. 5: Mar-Jun 1934 (p. vi: Feb 1934; Nat. Nov. Jul 1934), p. \[i\]-xxxvii, \[1\]-363, err. slip. *Copy*: USDA. – Under Medvirkning af K. Wiinstedt og Knud Jessen \[1884-1971\] ... København (id.) 1934. Oct. *Ed. 6*: 1942, p. \[i\]-xxxi, \[1\]-370, \[1, err.\]. *Copies*: BR, G, M. – Dansk Ekskursions-Flora sjette udgave ved K. Wiinstedt. København (id.) 1942. Oct. \[Knut Jørgen Frederik Wiinstedt 18 78-1964\]. *Ed*. 7: 1950, p. \[i\]-xxxi, 1-380. *Copy*: USDA. – Syvende udgave ved K. Wiinstedt. København (id.) 1950. Oct. ##### n.8655. De Danske Blomsterplanters Naturhistorie **Title** *De Danske Blomsterplanters Naturhistorie*. Første Bind: Enkimbladede... Kjøbenhavn (i Kommission hos Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag...) 1895-1899. Oct. †. **Abbreviated title**: *Dan. Blomsterpl. naturh.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1899 (ÖbZ Mai-Jun 1899; Nat. Nov. Jun(1) 1899; Flora rev. 14 Oct 1899), p. \[i\]-lxix, \[1\]-724. *Copies*: FI, G, HH, US, USDA. – 1089 figures in text drawn by Ingeborg Raunkiaer and the author. *Ref*.: Rendle, A.B., J. Bot. 37: 333. Jul 1899. - Jost, Bot. Zeit. 57(2): 305-306. 16 Oct 1899. ##### n.8656. Types biologiques pour la géographie botanique **Title** Académie royale des sciences et des lettres de Danemark extrait du bulletin de l'année 1905. No. 5. *Types biologiques pour la géographie botanique* par C. Raunkiaer \[1905\] Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1905, cover t.p., p. \[347\]-437. *Copy*: LD (inf. O. Almborn). – Reprinted and to be cited from Overs. k. danske vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 1905(5): 347-437. – Precursor of *Planterig. livsf.* 1907. *Ref*.: Jost, Bot. Zeit. 64: 134-136. 1 Mai 1906 (rev.). ##### n.8657. Planterigets livsformer **Title** *Planterigets livsformer* og deres betydning for geografien... Kjøbenhavn og Kristiania \[Oslo\] (i kommission hos Gyldendalske Boghandel. Nordisk Forlag...) 1907. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Planterig. livsf*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1907, frontisp. p. \[i-v\], \[1\]-132. *Copies*: GB (inf. B. Peterson), H (inf. P. Isoviita), LD (inf. O. Almborn). – *Preliminary publ*.: Types biologiques... 1905, see above. ##### n.8658. Livsformernes Statistik **Title** *Livsformernes Statistik* som grundlag for biologisk plantegeografi... København (Bianco Lunas Bogtrykkeri) 1908. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Nov-Dec 1908 (p. 83: 12 Nov 1908), p. \[i\], \[42\]-83. *Copy*: HH. – Reprinted from Bot. Tidsskr. 29(1): 42-43. 1908. ##### n.8659. Livsformen hos planter paa ny jord **Title** *Livsformen hos planter paa ny jord*... København (Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri) 1909. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Livsform. pl. ny jord.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1909 (Nat. Nov. Nov(2) 1909), p. \[1\]-70. *Copies*: BR, G, NY, USDA. – Issued as K. Dan. Vid. Selsk. ser. 7. 8(1). 1909. *English transl*.: 1934, *in Life forms pl*. 1934, p. 148-200. ##### n.8660. Mosses and lichens collected in the former Danish West Indies **Title** *Mosses and lichens collected in the former Danish West Indies*... Dansk botanisk Arkiv 2(9). 1918. Oct. **Notes** *Co-author*: Frederick Christian Emil Børgesen (1866-1956). *Publ*.: 1918, p. \[1\]-18. *Copy*: U. – Issued as Dansk bot. Ark. 2(9). 1918. ##### n.8661. Über Homodromie und Antidromie **Title** *Über Homodromie und Antidromie* insbesondere bei Gramineen... København (Hovedkommisionaer: Andr. Fred. Høst. & Son,...) 1919. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Homodromie & Antidromie*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1919 (Nat. Nov. Apr 1919), p. \[1\]-32. *Copy*: FI. – Issued as K. Vidensk. Selsk. Biol. Medd. 1(12). 1919. ##### n.8662. Myxomycetes from **Title** *Myxomycetes from* the West Indian Islands *St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. Jan*... Dansk botanisk Arkiv 5(16). 1928. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1928, p. \[1\]-9. *Copy*: U. – Issued as Dansk bot. Ark. 5(16). 1928. ##### n.8663. The life forms of plants **Title** *The life forms of plants* and statistical plant geography being the collected papers of C. Raunkiaer... Oxford (at the Clarendon Press) 1934. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Life forms pl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1934 (p. xvi: Mar 1934; Nature 20 Oct 1934; Nat. Nov. Oct 1934), p.\[i-ii\], portr., \[iii\]-xvi, \[1\]-632. *Copies*: BR, FI, G, HH, MO, NY, USDA. – For plates and figures (one series of numbers) see p. viii-x. *Ref*.: Rendle, A.B., J. Bot. 72: 351-353. Dec 1934. - Turrill, W.B., Bull. misc. Inf. Kew 1934: 310. 25 Oct 1934 (rev.). ##### n.8664. Plant life forms **Title** *Plant life forms*... Oxford (at the Clarendon Press) 1937. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Pl. life forms*. **Notes** *Translaation*: Humphrey Gilbert Carter (1884-1969). *Publ*.: Jun-Aug 1937 (p. vi: Jun 1937; Nat. Libr. Scotl. rd. 24 Sep 1937), p. \[i\]-vi, \[vii\], \[1\]-104. *Copies*: Natl. Libr. Scotland; MO, PH. *Ref*.: Rendle, A.B., J. Bot. 76: 59. 1938.