> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 549](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33190020) of TL-2 Vol. IV > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/8096-1) LSID 8096-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364857) QID Q364857 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Rafinesque \[-Schmaltz\], Constantin Samuel (1783-1840), Constantinople-born (French father, Greek mother of German extraction) naturalist and author; in Italy 1795-1802, in the United States 1802-1804(?), in Sicily 1804-1815; settling in the United States in 1815. **Abbreviated name**: *Raf.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Raf.*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection P|P]]-DU. – Other Rafinesque material in [[Collection DWC|DWC]], [[Collection FI|FI]], [[Collection G|G]], [[Collection G|G]]-DC, [[Collection LE|LE]], [[Collection NAP|NAP]], [[Collection NY|NY]], [[Collection P|P]], [[Collection PH|PH]], [[Collection PI|PI]], [[Collection W|W]], [[Collection WIS|WIS]], [[Collection WS|WS]]. – For a recent account of the fate of the Rafinesque herbarium see R.L.S. Stuckey (1971) (see also e.g. Pennell (1945, 1949); the major part of the herbarium was thrown away by Elias Durand, but the [[Collection P|P]]-DU herbarium should always be checked for types where necessary. [[Collection DWC|DWC]] holds some authentic specimens from the *Autikon botanikon*; another important set is the one at [[Collection WIS|WIS]]; over fifty types are at [[Collection PH|PH]] (Stuckey 1971). – Manuscripts and letters (S.S. Haldeman donation 1849) at [[Collection PH|PH]]; other letters by Rafinesque at [[Collection G|G]] and [[Collection HU|HU]]; further archival material at SIA. #### Bibliography and biography Backer p. 482, 518; Barnhart 3: 123 (b. 22 Oct 1783, d. 18 Sep 1840); BM 4: 1639, 8: 1044-1045; Bossert p. 322; Clokie p. 229; CSP 5: 75-76, 12: 596; DAB 15: 322-324; Dawson p. 692-693; DSB 11: 262-264 (by J. Ewan); Frank 3 (Anh.): 81; Hawksworth p. 185; Herder p. 472 \[index\]; Hortus 3: 1202; IF suppl. 4: 336-337; IH 1 (ed. 2): 128, (ed. 3): 98, 164, (ed. 6): 363, (ed. 7): 340, 2: in press; Jackson p. 115, 116, 121, 321, 323, 355, 360, 363, 449; Kelly p. 185, 256; Kew 4: 390-392; Langman p. 606; Lasègue p. 313, 346, 462, 505; Lenley p. 467 (Torrey corresp.); LS 21667-21672, 41619; ME 1: 222, 223, 3: 642, 738; Merrill p. 101; Moebius p. 55; MW p. 399, suppl. p. 289; NAF 28B(2): 351-352, ser. 2. 2: 168, ser. 2. 4: 45, ser. 2. 5: 251-252, ser. 2. 7: 44; NI 1577-1581, also 1: 235; Nordstedt p. 26; PR 1995, 7399-7402, ed. 1: 2087, 3850, 8315-8330; Quenstedt p. 350; Rehder 5: 700-701; RS p. 135-136; Saccardo 1: 134-135, 2: 88-89, cron. p. xxx; SBC p. 129; Stevenson p. 1255; TL-1/1023-1036; TL-2/253, 5872, see indexes; Tucker 1: 13 (biographies), 577-580, 634, 662; Zander ed. 10, p. 704, ed. 11, p. 802. #### Biofile - Allibone, S.A., Crit. dict. Engl. lit. 2: 1724. 1891. - Anon., Appleton's Cycl. Amer. biogr. 5: 159. 1888; Bonplandia 3: 33. 1855 (member Leopoldina, cognomen: Catesbaeus); Evening Sun 9 Oct 1919 (marker placed over grave Raf.); Missouri Bot. Gard. Bull. 15(10): 164-171. 1927 (cites Audubon's description of Rafinesque, 1832); Natl. Cycl. Amer. Biogr. 8: 472-473. 1898; Taxon 31: 388. 1981 (Rafinesque symposium); The New York Sun, 14 Nov 1935 (Audubon's relations to Rafinesque). - Audubon, J.J., The eccentric naturalist. Ornithological biography 1: 455-460. 1832 (on R's visit to Audubon's home); Delineations of American scenery and characters (with an introduction by F.H. Herrick), New York, 1926, p. 97-104 ("The eccentric naturalist"; chapter on Rafinesque). - Baehni, Ch., *in* J.F. Leroy, Bot. franç. Amér. nord 137-147. 1952 (relations Raf. with A.P. de Candolle; material in G-DC). - Barber, L., The heyday of natural history 30, 61-63, 194. 1980. - Barkley, A.H., Ann. med. Hist. 10: 66-76. 1928 (general biogr. notes). - Barnhart, J.H., Torreya 7: 177-182. 1907 (dates *New Flora* and *Sylva telluriana*).; J. New York Bot. Gard. 10: 177-190. 1909, 36: 26-27. 1935 (brief biogr. sketch), 37: 247-248. 1936 (Kentucky friends); Torreya 9: 252. 1909 (brief biogr. sketch); Mem. Torrey Bot. Cl. 298. 1921 (mentioned in Schweinitz-Torrey corr.); Bartonia g: 41. 1926 (brief biogr. sketch). - Bebb, M.S., Bot. Gaz. 8: 191-192. 1883 (sketch of Raf. from Audubon's diary). - Beck, G.R. von, Bot. Centralbl. 34: 150. 1888 (Raf. herb. mat. in W), in K. Fritsch et al., Bot. Anst. Wiens 75: 1894 (id.). - Berman, A., Bull. Hist. Med. 30(1): 23-31. 1956 ("a striving for scientific respectability"; use of "Medical botany" by medical practitioner). - Betts, E.M., Proc. Amer. philos. Soc. 87: 368-380. 1944 (corr. Raf.-Th. Jefferson). - Boewe, C., Audubon Mag. 59(4): 166-1669. 1957 (general biogr. notes); Proc. Amer. philos. Soc. 102(6): 590-595. 1958 (the manuscripts of C.S. Rafinesque); Books and libraries at the Univ. of Kansas 21: 1-3. 1959 (Rafinesque at Lawrence; on Fitzpatrick coll.).; Filson Club hist. Quart. 35: 28-32. 1961 (Raf. and Dr. Short), 54: 37-49. 1980 (editing Raf. holographs: the case of the Short letters); Names 10(1): 58-60. 1962 (on Mt. Rafinesque, N.Y.); Hist. bot. W. Virginia 6. 1965; ed. Rafinesque: a sketch of his life... enlarged. 1982 (see e.g. Taxon 31: 800-801. 1982). - Bridson, G.D.R. et al., Nat. his. mss. res. Brit. Isl. 430 \[index\]. 1980. - Britten, J., J. Bot. 38: 224-225. 1900 (reprint of paper Raf. in *Gard. Mag.* 8: 245-248. 1832 and his *Herbarium Rafinesquianum*). - Brown, L.A., ed., Transylv. Coll. Bull. 15(7): 1-108. 1942 (Raf. memorial papers; each paper separately listed). - Brummitt, R.K., Taxon 21: 303-307. 1972 (Raf. and *Galax*). - Bureau, É., Bull. Soc. bot. France 22: lxxxvii. 1875 (set of Rafinesque plants at Angers, Jard. Bot., now ANGUC). - Call, R.E., The life and writings of Rafinesque, Louisville, Kentucky, 1895, xii, 227 p., reprinted in K.B. Sterling, ed., Rafinesque, autobiography and lives, New York 1978 (biogr., bibl., portr.; the handwriting sample opp. p. 48 reproduces a letter by R. to A.P. de Candolle of 1 Jun 1838 in its entirety); review: Anon., Bot. Gaz. 20: 120-121. 1895. - Camp, W.H., Castanea 6: 80-83. 1941 (identif. of *Adnaria odorata* Raf. and *Arbutus obtusifolius* Raf.); methodology in exegesis Raf.). - Carpenter, M.M., Amer. Midl. Natural. 33(1): 82. 1935 (lists biographies). - Chase, A., Bartonia 17: 40-45. 1936 (no Raf. grass types in P-DU). - Core, E.L., The botanical exploration of the Southern Appalachians p. 25-29. 1971, *in* - P.C. Holt., ed., Distr. hist. biota south. Appalachians, 2, Flora, Blacksburg, Virginia 1971. - Coulter, J.M., Bot. Gaz. 8: 149-152. 1883 (biogr. sketch). - Croizat, L., (under the pseudonym Henricus Quatre), Rafinesque, a concrete case. Forli, Italia 1948, 18 p., (reprinted from Arch. bot. 24(3/4). 1948; proposal to Stockholm Congress to outlaw Rafinesque names not listed in Index kewensis up to suppl. 8. 1930; tries to prove that Raf. was "an arrant lunatic"). - Cunningham, G.H., The Gastromycetes of Australia and New Zealand 1944 (treats taxa in R's 1808 *Prospectus*, N.Y. Med. Repos. 2. 5: 355. 1808. - Darlington, W., Reliq. Baldw. 15, 11, 280, 282, 300. 1843; Memorials John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall 25-26. 1849. - Dawson, W.R., The Smith papers 77. 1934 (calendar letters R. to J.E. Smith). - Dayton, W.A., J. Forestry 43(5): 381-382. 1945 (review of *A life of travels*, 1836, repr. Chron. bot. 8: 291-360. - Desvaux, N.A., J. Bot. 4: 176-177, 268. 1814. - Dupre, H., Rafinesque in Lexington 1819-1926, Lexington 1945, xiii, 99 p. (biogr., portr.).. - Dupree, A.H., Asa Gray 1810-1888, p. 100, 279, 400, 437. 1959. - Eifert, V.S., Tall trees and far horizons 177-178. 1965. - Elliott, S., Sketch bot. S. Carol. vi. 1824. - Ewan, J., Rocky Mt. natural. 277. 1950.; *in* J.F. Leroy, ed., Bot. franç. Amer. nord 38. 1957 (lists studies); Rhodora 64: 188. 1962 (criticism of Rafinesque entry in H.B. Humphrey, Makers N. Amer. bot. 1961; J. Arnold Arb. 46(4): 438. 1965 (in letters C.S. Sargent to R.S. Cocks); Editor's introduction to facsimile reprint of C.S. Rafinesque, Fiorala ludoviciana, New York 1967, p. i-xl; Southw. Louisiana J. 7: 16-17. 1967 (note on *Fl. Ludov.*); *in* C.C.Gillespie, Dict. sci. biogr. 11: 262-264. 1975 (biogr., bibl.); J. Soc. Bibl. nat. Hist. 8(3): 235-243. 1977 (Josiah Hale, Raf.'s pupil). - Ewan, J. et al., Short hist. bot. U.S. 8, 39, 40, 47, 115, 116, 148. 1969 (general). - Fernald, M.L., Rhodora 33: 209-211. 1931, 34: 21-28. 1932, 43: 481-483. 1941, 46: 1-21, 32-57, 310-311, 377-386, 496-497, 48: 5-13. 1946 (misc. studies on Raf. plant names). - Fitzpatrick, F.J., Ann. Iowa 7(3): 196-224. 1905; Iowa Natural. 1(1): 10-21, 38-39. 1905 (add. to Bibl. of Rafinesque); Rafinesque, a sketch of his life with bibliography. Des Moines, Iowa, 1911, 241 p. (main bibliography of 939 items; biogr., portr., Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana (bibl. of secondary lit. on p. 233-239, 134 items); IDC 8314, revised edition by C. Boewe 1982 (see below under Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana). - Fox, W.J., Science ser. 2. 12: 211-215. 1900 (on *Western Minerva*), 14: 498. 1901 (*Fl. lexingt., Amer. florist.*), 14: 617. 1901 (Fl. lexingt. by C.W. Short). - Friesner, R.C., Butler Univ. Bot. Stud. 11: 1-4. 1953 (Raf. on tax. Indiana pl.). - Fryxell, P.A., Taxon 18: 400-413. 1969 (W. Ind. Gossypium sp. of Rafinesque). - Geiser, S.W., Natural. frontier 16, 79, 248-252, 263. 1948. - Genzmer, G.H., Dict. Amer. biogr. 15: 322-324. 1935. - Gerard, W.R., Bull. Torrey bot. Cl. 7(3): 29-30. 1880 (Phalloids) 12: 37-38. (on Reliquiae Rafinesquianae, 29 unpubl. plates by Raf. at NY). - Gilbert, P., Comp. biogr. lit. deceased entom. 308. 1977 (lists biographies). - Gleason, H.A., Rhodora 50: 53-55. 1948 (*Blephilia*). - Goodwin, G.H., Jr., Syst. Zool. 9(1): 1-35. 1960 (unrecorded papers of Rafinesque). - Gordon, Bartonia 22: 8. 1943 (50-60 herb. specimens at DWC of which 20-30 of Autikon bot.). - Graustein, J.E., Thomas Nuttall 476 \[index\]. 1967. - Gray, A., Amer. J. Sci. 40(2): 221-241. 1841 (notice of the botanical writings of Raf); reprinted 1841, p. \[1\]-21. *Copy*: G. - Greene, E.L., Pittonia 2(7): 25-31. 1889 (*Neilliae*), 2(9): 115. 1890 (Fraser's cat.), 2(8): 58-65. 1890 (*Ranunculi*), 2(9): 120-133. 1890 (various genera), 2(10): 173-184. 1891 (misc. nom. notes), 185-195. 1891 (revertible generic names), 2(11): 219-222 (*Spiraea*), 3(16): 186-188. 1897 (nom.), 3(17): 207-212. 1897 (nom.). - Haag, H.B., Transylvania Coll. Bull. 15(7): 91-96. 1942 (extended version in Science 94: 403-406 1941; Raf. and medicinal plants). - Hagen, V.W. von, Natural History 50: 296-303. 1947 ("Rafinesque the unnatural naturalist). - Jaffe, B., Men of Science in America, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1944, p. 104-129 (chapter on Raf., "American science ventures out across new frontiers"). - Jessen, K.F.W., Bot. Gegenw. Vorz. 2166. 1864. - Junk, Cat. 214: no. 249. 1979 (descr. copy Medical flora, quotations from DSB). - Kastner, J., A species of eternity, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1977 (chapter 11, The gullible genius, p. 240-253, deals with Rafinesque; portr.). - Keep, J., West Amer. Sci. 2: 99-102. 1846 (Audubon anecdote; brief biogr. sketch). - Kuntze, O., Rev. gen. pl. 1: cxxxix-cxli. 1891 (lists 40 bot. titles). - La Roque, A., Sterkiana 16: 1-52. 1964 (a Rafinesque portrait and a translation of Raf., *Monogr. Coquilles bivalves*). - Leroy, J.F. et al., Bot. franç. Amér. Nord 355 \[index, 11 entries\]. - Leonard, W.E., Bull. Minnesota Acad. nat. Sci. 3: 31-35. 1889. - Little, E.L., Jr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 56: 57-65. 1943 (note on unpubl. *Florula columbica*; mss of 1804 not extant). - Lubrecht, H., Early Amer. bot. works (Stechert Hafner n. 353). 40. 1967 (on Florula ludoviciana and its facsimile ed. of 1967). - McVaugh, R., Wrightia 1: 13-52. 1945 (accepts *Triodanis* Raf.). - Mears, J.A., Proc. Amer. philos. Soc. 122(3): 167. 1978 (Raf. specimens in Henry Muhlenberg herbarium). - Meehan, T., Bot. Gaz. 8: 177-178. 1883 (apology for Raf.); Rafinesque. Career of a naturalist of more than ordinary brilliancy. s.l.n.d., 4 p. (*copy* at G; almost certainly identical with FIT 108, text from Philadelphia Public Ledger, February 19, 1891. - Meijer, W., Castanea 38: 261-265. 1973 (contr. Raf. bot. expl. Kentucky). - Merrill, E.D., Science ser. 2. 96: 180-181. 1942 (repr. Autikon); Farlowia 1: 245-262. 1943 (index to Raf. names cellular crypt.); Amer. Fern J. 33: 41-56, 97-105. 1943 (Raf. names ferns); B.P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 144: 154. 1937 (Polynes. bot. bibl.); Proc. Amer. philos. Soc. 86(1): 72-90. 1942 (on a paper by Raf. in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 6: 261-269. 1834, additions to bibl. of Raf. and to Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana), 87(1): 110-119. 1943 (Raf.'s publ. and world botany); Foreword, in reprint *A life of Travels*, Chron. bot. 8(2): 292-297. 1944; J. Arnold Arb. 29: 202-214. 1948 (nomencl. notes on Raf.); Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 30(1): 249. 1947 (bibl. Pacific Islands); Harvard Libr. Bull. 2(1): 5-21. 1948 (notes on Raf.'s publ. in Harvard libraries); Index rafinesquianus, Jamaica Plain 1949, ix, 296 p. (see below no. 8550; bibl., analysis, list of all Raf. names). - Mitchili, S.L., Amer. mon. Mag. 2(5): 366. 1818 (rev. Fl. Ludov.). - Murrill, W.A., Hist. found. bot. Florida 11-12. 1945 (brief note). - Nissen, C., Zool. Buchill. 328. 1969 (biogr. info., descr. *Caratteri* (1810) and *Indice d'ittiologia Siciliana* (1810). - Nicolas, J.P., *in* G.H.M. Lawrence, ed., Adanson 1: 228. 1963. - Norton, Mrs. CF., Transylvania coll. Bull. 15(7): 97-107. 1942 (publ. and mss. in Transylvania library). - Osborn, H., Fragm. entom. Hist. 1: 25-26. *pl. 6.* 1936, 2: 155-157. *pl. 35.* 1946. - Pack, J., Taxon 9(2): 47-49. 1960 (on Raf.'s "classes" from *Précis*... 1814). - Peattie, D.C., Rafinesque; madman or genius, reprinted from Nature Magazine, s.d., 2 p., incl. portr. (copy at HU). - Pennell, F.W. & J.H. Barnhart, Monogr. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 617. 1935 (on herb.); The life and work of Rafinesque, reprinted from Transylvania College Bulletin 15(7): 10-70. 1942 (general evaluation and biogr.); Bartonia 21: 51-52. 1942 (general note), 23: 43-68. 1945 (how Durand acquired Raf.'s herb.), 25: 67-68. 1949 (last sickness), Critical index to *A life of Travels*, Chron. bot. 8(2): 357-360. 1944, Chron. bot. 12: 216-217. 1951 (id.). - Penhallow, D.P., Trans. R. Soc. Can. ser. 2. 3: 9, 10, 22, 32. 1897 (Raf. and Canadian bot.). - Pritzel, G.A., Linnaea 19(3): 460. 1846 (biogr. note); Icon. bot. Index xxiv. 1855 (cites 37 plates from Medical flora). - Quatre, Henricus – see Croizat, L. 1948. - Rafinesque, C.S., \[anonymous note evidently inspired by Raf. himself\], Flora 8(1) Beil. 4: 144. 1825 (general plans, requests contr. to his museum); A life of travels, Philadelphia 1836, 148 p., reprinted Chron. bot. 8: 293-360. 1944 and in K.B. Sterling, Rafinesque, autobiography and lives, New York 1978; \[editorial note evidently based on inf. given by Raf.\], Amer. J. Sci. 34(2): 386-387. 1838 (announcement of *Fl. tellur.* and *New fl*. - Rhoads, S.N., Cassinia 1-12. 1911(1912) (portr.; Raf. as an ornithologist. - Richmond, C.W., Auk 26(1): 37-55. 1909 (repr. *Anal. nat.* 1815). - Rickett, H.W., Torreya 42: 11-14, 131. 142 (*Cornus*). - Rodgers, A.D., William Starling Sullivant 72, 74, 127. 1940; John Torrey 348 \[index, many refs.\]. 1942. - Rogers, D.P., Brief hist. mycol. N. Amer. 7. 1978 (note on mycol. taxa); ed. 2: 7, 9. 1981. - Rosen, G. and B. Caspari-Rosen, 400 years of a doctor's life, New York, Henry Schuman, 1947, p. 165-166 (brief sketch on R. as an irregular medical practitioner). - Santesson, R., Sv. bot. Tidskr. 37: 287-303. 1943 (Phalloids). - Sayre, G., Dates publ. musci 34, 55, 1959 (on Prospectus in Med.Repos. 2. 5(4): 350-356. 1808 and on art. in Amer. mon. Mag. 1(6): 429. 1817); Bryologist 80: 516. 1977 (moss coll. perhaps at DWC, PH, WIS). - Schuyler, A.E., Morris Arboretum Bull. 24(2): 28-34. 1973 (general, portr.). - Seaver, F.J., North. Amer. cup-fungi 365. 1942 (Raf.'s Discomycetes). - Short, C.W., *in* W.J.Hooker, J. Bot. 3: 120. 1841 (from Transylvania J. Med. vol. 35), (brief note). - Silliman, B., Amer. J. Sci. 1(3): 311. 1819, 1(4): 435. 1819, 29(2): 393-394. 1836, 34: 386-387. 1838, 40(2): 237. 1841. - Small, J.K., Bull. Torrey bot. Cl. 24(5)1228-236. 1897 (*Tradescantia*). - Smith, C.E., Bartonia 28: 5, 29. 1957. - Sprengel, K., Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(2): 165-166. 1819. (brief rev. Fl. ludov.); Neue Entd. 1: 142-146. 1820, 2: 206-208. 1821. - Stafleu, F.A., Taxon 17: 296-299. 1968 (on the *Caratteri* and *Fl. ludov.*); *in* G.S Daniels & F.A. Stafleu, Taxon 22: 228. 1973 (portr. with caption). - Stearn, W.T., Gard. Chron. ser. 3. 114: 60-61. 1943 (accepts Ipheion Raf. 1837). - Stieber, M.T., Huntia 3(2): 124. 1979 (Agnes Chase notes on Raf.). - Sterling, K.B., Rafinesque, autobiography and lives. New York 1978 (Intr. by Sterling p. i-xvi, followed by facs. repr. of *A life of travels* (1836), the biography by R.E. Call (1895) and the biography and bibliography by F.J. Fitzpatrick (1911). - Steudel, E.G. von, Flora 3(1). Beil. 1/2: 33-42. 1820 (on his work and collections, plans "Somiologie", exchanges; taken from Isis). - Strobl, G., Österr. bot. Z. 30: 363-371. 1880 (summary work Raf. on fl. Etna on p. 365). - Stuckey, R.L., Taxon 20(4): 443-459-1971 (on sale and fate of Raf.'s herb.), abstract Amer. J. Bot. 57: 768. 1970; Brittonia 23(2): 191-208. 1971 (on Raf.'s N. Amer. pl. at PH). - Stuckey, R.L. & M.L. Roberts, Taxon 23(2/3): 365-372. 1974 (additions to the Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana). - Swainson, G., Taxidermy 300-301. 1840 (brief sketch, lists 5 zool. titles). - Townsend, A.C., J. Bibl. nat. Hist. 6(12): 471-476. 1943 (lists Raf. titles at BM-Bloomsbury and BM(NH). - Verdoorn, F., ed., Chron. bot. 1: 336. 1935, 3: 286. 1937, 6: 86, 87, 125, 238. 1941, 7: 236, 237, 342, 343. 1943; \[editor and author of texts on Rafinesque portraits\] in reprint *A Life of Travels*. Chron. bot. 8(2): 295, *pl. 5-7.* 1944; Rafinesque's proposals to publish a selection of his works, Int. Biohist. comm., Utrecht 1971, 8 p. (contains facs. repr. of the October 1821 proposals). - Vogelenzang, L., \[Mink, O. de\], Botany, Rare works and herbaria on microfiche, IDZ, Zug, Switzerland 1976, p. 102-108. - Von Hagen, V.W., Nat. Hist. 56: 296-303. 1947 (the unnatural naturalist). - W., V., Flora 5(2): 719. 1822 (quotes story shipwreck). - Weiss, H.B., Rafinesque's Kentucky friends 1-70. 1936 (rev.: J.H. Barnhart, J. New York Bot. Gard. 37: 247-248. 1936). - Whaler, James, Green River, a poem for Rafinesque, 1931. - Wheeler, L.C., Amer. Midl. Natural. 29: 792-795. 1943 (accepts *Paxistima* Raf.), 30: 456-503. 1943 (reduction of Raf. genera of Euphorb.). - Wilbur, R.L., Rhodora 68: 192-208. 1966 (on *Lechea*). - Wilson, J.C. & J. Fiske, Appleton's Cycl. Amer. biogr. 5: 159. 1898. - Wittrock, V.B., Acta Horti Berg. 3(2): 180. 1903 (on portr.). - Wood, R.D., Bull. Torrey bot. Club 75: 282-285. 1948 (*Charac.*), Monogr. Charac. 1: 835. 1965. - Wright, R., Gardener's tribute 193. s.d. - Youmans, W.J., Pioneers of Science in America 182-195. 1896. - Zabel, H., Mitt. deut. dendrol. Ges. 8: 74-77. 1899 (discussion of *Pseva* Raf., *Joxylon* Raf. and *Rosa* sp.). #### Index *Index to plant names*: Merrill, E.D., *Index rafinesquianus*, 1949, see below no. 8550. #### Keywords to biographical and bibliographical references *Autobiography*: Rafinesque (all entries), Sterling 1978. *Appalachians, explorations*: Core 1971. *Audubon and R*.: Anon., 1935; Audubon 1832, 1926; Barnhart 1909, 1926, 1935, 1936; Bebb 1883; Keep 1846. *Baldwin and R*.: Darlington 1843. *Bibliography*: see below, separate paragraph, and Goodwin 1960, Pritzel 1846, Townsend 1943. *Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana*: see below, separate paragraph. *Biography general*: Anon., (Appleton) 1888; Barkley 1928; Boewe (all entries); Call (id.); Carpenter 1935; Coulter 1883; Ewan 1950, 1969, 1975; Genzmer 1935; Gilbert 1977; Hagen 1947; Jaffe 1944; Kastner 1977; Meehan 1883; Peattie s.d.; Pennell (all entries). *Candolle, A.P. and R.*: Baehni 1952; Call 1895. *Fitzpatrick, coll. Rafinesquiana*: Boewe 1959, Fitzpatrick (all items). *Grave*: Anon., 1919. *Gray, A. and R.*: Dupree 1959, Gray 1841. *Herbarium material*: Beck 1888, Bureau 1875; Gordon 1943; Mears 1978; Pennell 1945; Sayre 1977; Stuckey 1971. *Jefferson, Th. and R.*: Betts 1944. *Lexington, R. in*: Dupree 1945. *Louisiana and R*.: Ewan 1967. *Manuscripts*: Boewe 1958; Bridson 1980; Little 1943; Norton 1942. *Medicinal pl*.: Berman 1956, Haag 1941, 1942; Rosen 1947. *Nomenclature, Rafinesquian*: Croizat 1930, 1948; Fernald 1931-1946; Greene (all entries); Kuntze 1891; Merrill (all entries); Pack 1960. *Nuttall and R*.: Graustein 1967. *Plates by R*.: Gerard 1880. *Portraits*: Fitzpatrick 1905; La Roque 1964; Rhoads 1911; Schuyler 1973; Wittrock 1903. *Schweinitz and R*.: Barnhart 1921. *Short and R*.: Brewe 1961, 1980; Fox 1901. *Smith, J.E. and R.*: Dawson 1934. *Sullivant, W. and R.*: Rodgers 1940. *Torrey and R*.: Barnhart 1921; Rodgers 1942. *Types*: Chase 1936. #### Correspondence Charles Boewe, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A., plans to locate holograph letters written by and to Rafinesque and to transcribe, edit, annotate and publish them. For preliminary papers see Boewe (1958, 1980). #### Eponymy *Schmaltzia* Desvaux ex J.K. Small (1903), *Rafinesquia* Rafinesque (1837, 2 homonyms, see ING 3: 1481), (1838), *Rafinesquia* Nuttall *nom. cons.* (1841). – Mt. Rafinesque, N.Y., U.S.A. was thus named officially 1894 (Boewe 1962); the name was given in 1833. #### Handwriting Call, R.E., Life writings Rafinesque, *pl*. opp. p. 48; Proc. Amer. philos. Soc 122(3): 167, fig. 8. 1978 (pre-1805 writing; Bartonia 28: *pl. 7.* 1957. #### Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana the literature on Rafinesque continues to grow and the bibliography of his own works still has occasional surprises in store for the Rafinesque connoisseurs. The main publications are the following: - (1) Fitzpatrick, T.J., *Rafinesque*, a sketch of his life with bibliography, Des Moines, Iowa 1911, 241 p.; bibliography of 939 items with the secondary literature *Bibliotheca* on p. 223-239 (134 items). - (2) Merrill, E.D., *A generally overlooked Rafinesque paper*, Proc. Amer. philos. Soc. 86: 72-90. 1942; additions to the Rafinesque bibliography and to the *Bibliotheca* (p. 76-77), 35 further titles. - (3) Merrill, E.D., *Index rafinesquianus*, Jamaica Plain, 1949, 296 p.; additions to the bibliography of Rafinesque on p. 12-14, to the *Bibliotheca* on p. 14-17, 74 further titles. (4) Stuckey, R.L. and M.L. Roberts, *Additions to the Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana*, Taxon 23(2/3): 365-372. 1974; 127 additional titles to the *Bibliotheca*. - (5) Boewe, C., *Fitzpatrick's Rafinesque*: a sketch of his life with bibliography revised and enlarged, Weston Massachusetts (M. & S. Press) 1982, 327 p.; a reprint of Fitzpatrick with additions to the bibliography on p. 238-260 (items 942-1001 plus reprints and translations and with additions to the Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana (sec. refs.) nos. 135-540. This is now the main bibliographical source for Rafinesque. - (6) *This treatment* of Rafinesque contains a further number of additions, especially to the *Bibliotheca* in our sections BIOGRAPHY and BIBLIOGRAPHY and BIOFILE. \[*Note* on an almost non-botanical item: A second copy of the very rare pamphlet *The Mexicans in 1830*, FIT 579 (one copy seen by FIT in MO) is at G, p. \[1\]-10 (oct. in size, 6-mo in fold). ### Publications ##### n.8548. The life and writings of Rafinesque **Title** Author's edition. Filson Club Publications no. 10. *The life and writings of Rafinesque* ... by Richard Ellsworth Call,... Louisville, Kentucky (John P. Morton and Company ...) 1895. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Life writ. Raf.* **Notes** *Author*: Richard Ellsworth Call (1856-1917). *Author's edition*: Jan 1895 (TBC 26 Feb 1895) front. portr., p. \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-227. *Copy*: FAS. – The first major biography with primary and secondary bibliography. – Author's edition on large paper. *Regular edition*: 1895, id. *Copy*: MO. *Facsimile edition*: 1978, in K.B. Sterling, Rafinesque, Autobiography and lives, New York (Arno Press...) 1978. *Copy*: FAS. *Ref*.: Anon., Bot. Gaz. 19: 474. 1894 (ann.), 20: 120-121. 1895 (rev.). - Goode, H., Science ser. 2. 1: 384-385. 5 Apr 1894 (rev. biogr. details Raf.). - Hollick, C.A. \["A.H."\], Bull. Torrey bot. Club 22(2): 78-82. 1895 (rev.). ##### n.8549. Rafinesque **Title** *Rafinesque* a sketch of his life with bibliography by T.J. Fitzpatrick,... Des Moines (the Historical Department of Iowa) 1911. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Rafinaesque*. **Notes** *Author*: Thomas Jefferson Fitzpatrick (1868-1952). *Publ*.: 1911, p. \[1\]-241, *pl. 1-31* (of which several in text). *Copies*: BR, FAS, G. – Major bibliography of Rafinesque (939 items), with a biographical sketch, a list of portraits and a Bibliotheca Rafinesquiana (bibl. of secondary references) on p. 223-239, 134 items. *Facsimile reprint*: 1978, *in* K.B. Sterling, Rafinesque, autobiography and lives, New York (Arno Press). *Copy*: FAS. *Ref*.: Geiser, S.W., Amer. Midl. Natural. 2: 150-152. 1911 (rev.). ##### n.8550. Index rafinesquianus **Title** *Index rafinesquianus*. The plant names published by C.S. Rafinesque with reductions, and a consideration of his methods, objectives, and attainments by Elmer D. Merrill. Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University) 1949. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Index Raf*. **Notes** *Author*: Elmer Drew Merrill (1876-1956). *Publ*.: Aug 1949 (see TL-2/5872), p. \[i\]-ix, \[1\]-296. *Copies*: G, L, MO, NY, U, US, USDA. – The most important evaluation of Rafinesque's botanical work; analysis of all Rafinesque botanical names; analysis of methods; bibl. of secondary literature additional to Fitzpatrick. – Also treated as TL-2/5872. ##### n.8551. Additions to Michaux's Flora of North America **Title** *Additions to Michaux's Flora of North America*. In a letter from Mr. Rafinesque, to Dr. \[Samuel Latham\] Mitchill \[1764-1831\], dated Palermo, in Sicily, 8th August, 1805. \[Med. Repos. second hexade, 3(4): 422-423. 1806\]. Oct. (FIT 5). **Notes** *Publ*.: Feb-Apr 1806 (issue for that period of Med. Repos.); to be cited from journal as above (Tearsheet: NY); IDC 8119 (1(8)). ##### n.8552. Pamphysis sicula **Title** *Pamphysis sicula* sive historia naturalis animalium, vegetabilium, et mineralium quae in Sicilia vel in circuitu ejus inveniuntur opus incoeptum a r.p. Francisco Cupani, tertii Ord. S. Francisci in Pamphyto siculo continuatum suppletumque ab Antonino Bonanno Gervasi, Panormitano et tandum absolutum a Josepho, Stephano et Francisco Paulo Chiarelliis,... sub auspice C.S. Rafinesque Schmaltz... ejusque observationibus annotationibusque locupletatum imaginis aereis circiter 700. ab ipsis Cupani schematibus exscriptis et exacte denuo incisis per Salvatorem de Ippolito. Panormi \[Palermo\] (ex Typographia Jo; Baptistae Giordano...) 1807. Qu. (*Pamphysis sicul.*). (FIT 7). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1807, p. \[1\]-8, *1 pl. Copies*: FI, G. – Prospectus for a new version of the *Pamphyton siculum* (1713, see PR 1995). Fitzpatrick quotes this rare pamphlet from Specchio delle Scienze 1(1): 39. 1814. It contains no botanical names; the plate ("no. 4") depicts a *Trifolium* and a *Lathyrus*. See also FIT 23 for a further quote from Specchio delle Scienze. ##### n.8553. Caratteri di alcune nuovi generi **Title** *Caratteri di alcune nuovi generi* e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia con varie osservazioni sopra i medesimi... Palermo (Per le Stampe di Sanfilippo...) 1810. Qu. (*Caratt. nuov. gen.*). (FIT 16, 17). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1810, p. \[i-iii\], \[1\]-105, *pl. 1-20* (uncol. copp. auct.). *Copies*: FI, G(2), HH, KU(2), MO, PH, US, USDA; IDC 2136. – See Holthuis & Boeseman (1977) for the description of a copy with part of a previous issue of the first sheet with a t.p. dated 1809. The book was issued as a whole (and not in two parts) in 1810 (after 1 Apr, date on p. \[1\]), fide Rafinesque's own statement in his *Life of travels*. The first sheet was reprinted in 1810. See Holthuis en Boeseman for full details. *Facsimile ed*.: *1*967, p. \[i-vi\], \[1\]-105, *pl. 1-20. Copy*: FAS. – Amsterdam (A. Asher & Co.) 1967. See Stafleu, F.A., Taxon 17: 296-299. 1968 (the footnote repeats the Fitzpatrick statement on the two parts). The facsimile reprint is combined with a reprint of the *Indice d'ittiologia siciliana* 1810 (FIT 18). ##### n.8554. Statistica generale di Sicilia **Title** *Statistica generale di Sicilia* de' signori d.d. Giuseppe Emmanuele Ortolani avvocato e mineralogico e Constantino S. Rafinesque Schmalz negoziante e naturalista in due parti nella prima si descrive il fisico della Sicilia, nella seconda il suo morale. Palermo (dalla Reale Stamperia) 1810. Qu. (*Statist. gen. Sicilia*). (FIT 20). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1810, p. \[1\]-49, 2 maps. *Copies*: G, K. ##### n.8555. An essay on the exotic plants **Title** *An essay on the exotic plants*, mostly European, which have been naturalized, and now grow spontaneously in the Middle States of North America by C.S. Rafinesque Schmaltz. To Samuel L. Mitchill, New York. Palermo, 1st April, 1810. \[Med. Repos. third hexade, 2(4): 330-345\]. Oct. (FIT 21). **Notes** *Publ*.: Feb-Apr 1811 (issued for that period of Med. Repos.) to be cited from journal as above. (Tearsheet: MO). – IDC 8119 (2(13)). ##### n.8556. Chloris aetnensis **Title** *Chloris aetnensis* o le quattro florule dell'Etna opusculo del sig. C.S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz Palerme Dicembre 1813. Destinato per essere inserito nella Storia naturale dell'Etna del can. co Recupero dal suo degno nipote il can. co Tes.re D. Agatino Recupero di Catania \[Palermo Dec 1813\]. Fol. (*Chlor. aetn.*) (FIT 234). **Notes** *Publ*.: Dec 1813 (t.p.) \[1815?\], p. \[1\]-15. *Copies*: KU, NY; IDC 5648. – To be inserted in G. Recupero, Storia nat. gen. Etna, Catania 1815. H. Manitz (1982) has seen an original copy of Recupero's work in the University library of Rostock and remarks that since the Recupero book appeared in 1815 this date should be adhered to. We have, however, the two independent items (KY and NY) and they may or may not have been distributed before 1815, and certainly they may have been printed earlier. The date Dec 1813 may well be that of the closing of the manuscript, but the KU and NY copies leave us no choice but to date them from Dec 1813, see ICBN Art. 30 "in the absence of proof establishing some other date, the one appearing on the printed matter must be accepted as correct". *Ref*.: Manitz, H., Wiss. Z. Friedr. Schiller Univ. Jena, Math.-nat. R. 31(2): 263-264. 1982. ##### n.8557. Specchio delle scienze **Title** *Specchio delle scienze* o giornale enciclopedico di Sicilia deposito letterario delle moderne cognizioni, scoperte, ed osservazioni sopra le scienze ed arti e particolarmente sopra la fisica, la chimica, la storia naturale, la botanica, l'agricoltura, la medicina, il commercio, la legislazione, l'educazione ec.... Palermo (Dalla Tipografia di Francesco Abate Qm. Domenico) 1814, 2 vols. Qu. (*Specchio sci.*) (FIT 26-229). **Notes** *1*: Jan-Jun 1814, p. \[1\]-216, *2 pl*. *2*: Jul-Dec 1814, p. \[1\]-196. |number |pages |dates | |--- |--- |--- | |1 |1-44 |1 Jan 1814 |2 |45-80 |1 Feb 1814 |3 |81-112, 1 pl. |1 Mar 1814 |4 |113-148, 1 pl. |1 Apr 1814 |5 |149-180 |1 Mai 1814 |6 |181-216 |1 Jun 1814 |7 |1-32 |1 Jul 1814| |8 |33-64 |1 Aug 1814| |9 |65-96 |1 Sep 1814| |10 |97-128 |1 Oct 1814| |11 |129-160 |1 Nov 1814| |12 |161-196 |1 Dec 1814| *Copies*: FI, G, NY, PH; IDC 5650. – For a complete list of contents see FIT 26-229. ##### n.8558. Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques **Title** *Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques* de M.r C.S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814 ou choix raisonné de ses principales découvertes en zoologie et en botanique, pour servir d'introduction à ses ouvrages futurs. De Linné le génie il a choisi pour guide. Palerme \[Palermo\] (Royale Typographie militaire...) 1814. Oct. (first sign.). Qu. (other sign.) (*Précis découv. somiol.*) (FIT 230). **Notes** *Publ*.: Jun-Dec 1814 (p. 54: 3 Jun 1814; Acad. Paris rd 23 Jan 1815), p. \[1\]-55, \[56, err.\]. *Copies*: G(2), KU(2), PH(2); IDC 8114. *Reprint* bot. part: in Desvaux, J. Bot. 4: 268-"176" \[276\]. 1814. *Analysis*: Rafinesque, C.S., Specchio sci. 2(8): 43-44. Aug 1844. *Facsimile reprint*: 1948, p. \[i\*-ii\*\], \[1\], \[1\*-2\* by E.D. Merrill\], 3-55, \[56, err.\]. *Copies*: KU, NY, PH. – New York (Peter Smith). *Ref*.: Stresemann, E., J. für Ornithol. 70: 128-129. 1814 (bird names). ##### n.8559. Principes fondamentaux de somiologie **Title** *Principes fondamentaux de somiologie* ou les loix de la nomenclature et de la classification de l'empire organique ou des animaux et des végétaux contenant les règles essentielles de l'art de leur imposer des noms immuables et de les classer méthodiquement par C.S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz. Palerme (de l'Imprimerie de Franc. Abate, aux dépens de l'Auteur) 1814. Qu. (*Princ. fond. somiol.*). (FIT 233). **Notes** *Publ*.: Sep-Dec 1814 (announced by Raf. Specchio sci. 2: 64. Sep 1814; rd Acad. Paris 23 Jan 1815), p. \[1\]-50, \[51, err.\], \[52, err.\]. *Copies*: G, HH, NY, USDA; IDC 5650. *Ref*.: Stresemann, E., J. für Ornithol. 70: 128-129. 1814. ##### n.8560. Analyse de la nature **Title** *Analyse de la nature* ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés (par C.S. Rafinesque... La nature est mon guide, et Linnéus \[sic\] mon maître. Palerme (aux dépens de l'auteur) 1815. Qu. (*Anal. nat.*) (*FIT 235*). **Notes** *Publ*.: Apr-Jul 1815 (Richmond, Iredale, KU copy rd by S.L. Mitchili at New York, 7 Sep 1815), p. \[1\]-224, frontisp., portr. author. *Copies*: G (has the plates of the *Caratteri* bound in), HH, KU; IDC 8098. *Ref*.: Iredale, T., Proc. malac. Soc. 9: 261-263. 1913 (misapplied molluscan generic names). - Richmond, C.W., Auk 26(1): 37-55. 1909. ##### n.8561. Circular address on botany and zoology **Title** *Circular address on botany and zoology*; followed by the prospectus of two periodical works; Annals of nature and somiology of North America; By C.S. Rafinesque,... Chi fa quanto puo, fa quanto deve. Philadelphia (printed for the author, by S. Merritt,...) 1816. Duod. (in sixes). (*Circ. addr. bot. zool.*). (FIT 236). **Notes** *Publ*.: Mai 1816 (KU copy dedicated to 'John Davis, Boston, 20 May 1816"), p. \[1\]-36. *Copies*: FI, G(2), HH, KU, USDA; IDC 8102. *Announcements*: Litterarischer Anzeiger 15: 57-60. 1819, 16: 61-64. 1819 (n.v., fide Fitzpatrick 312-313). ("Dieser Mann kann mehr als Brod essen. So weit hat es Trattinick noch lange nicht gebracht". – A note by the editor pointing at an internal Austrian difficulty). ##### n.8562. Flora Philadelphica prodromus **Title** Art. 4 *Flora Philadelphica prodromus*, or prodromus of the Flora Philadelphica exhibiting a list of all the plants to be described in that work which have as yet been collected. By Dr. William P.C. Barton. Philadelphia 1815. 4to. pp. 100 \[review by C.S.R. (Rafinesque) in Amer. mon. Mag. 1(5): 356-359. Sep 1817\]. Oct. (FIT 237). **Notes** *Publ*.: Sep 1817, to be cited from journal as indicated. *Tearsheets*: KU, MO. – For Barton, W.P.C., Fl. philadelph. prodr. see TL-2/323. ##### n.8563. A manual of botany **Title** Art. 4. *A manual of botany* for the Northern States, comprising generic descriptions of all phanerogamous and cryptogamous plants to the north of Virginia...12 mo. pp. 164. \[Review by C.S.R. (Rafinesque) of A. Eaton, *Man. bot.*, 1817, in Amer. mon. Mag. 1(6): 426-430. Oct 1817\]. Oct. (FIT 241). **Notes** *Publ*.: Oct 1817, to be cited from journal as cited. For A. Eaton, *Man. bot.* ed. 1, 18-31 Jul 1817, see TL-2/1614). *Tearsheet* at MO. ##### n.8564. Survey of the progress and actual state of natural sciences in the United States of America **Title** *Survey of the progress and actual state of natural sciences in the United States of America*, from the beginning of this century to the present time. \[Amer. mon. Mag. 2(2): 81-89. New York, Dec 1817\]. Oct. (FIT 251). **Notes** *Publ*.: Dec 1817; to be cited from journal as quoted. *Tearsheet*: MO. – IDC 8119 (3(28)). ##### n.8565. Description of the Ioxylon pomiferum **Title** \[Museum of natural sciences...\] 12. *Description of the Ioxylon pomiferum*, a new genus of North American trees \[Amer. mon. Mag. 2(2): 118-119. New York, Dec 1817\]. (FIT 252). **Notes** *Publ*.: Dec 1817, to be cited from journal as quoted. *Tearsheet*: MO. – IDC 8119 (3(29)). ##### n.8566. Second decade of undescribed plants **Title** \[Museum of natural sciences...\] 13. *Second decade of undescribed plants* \[Amer. mon. Mag. 2(2): 119-120. New York, Dec 1917\]. (FIT 253). **Notes** *Publ*.: Dec 1817, to be cited from journal as quoted. *Tearsheet*: MO. – The first decade of undescribed plants, FIT 249, ibid. 2(1): 43-44. 1817. ##### n.8567. Florula ludoviciana **Title** *Florula ludoviciana*; or, a flora of the state of Louisiana. Translated, revised, and improved, from the French of C.C. Robin, by C.S. Rafinesque,... Quand les matériaux sont imparfaits, l'édifice ne peut pas être complet. New York (published by C. Wiley & Co....) 1817. Duod. (in sixes). (*Fl. ludov.*). (FIT 25.). **Notes** *Publ*.: Oct-early Dec 1817, p. \[1\]-178. *Copies*: BR, FAS, FI, G, H(2), KU, MICH, NY, US, USDA; IDC 5054. – Based on Claude C. Robin, \[1750-?\], *Voyages dans l'intérieur de la Louisiane*,... 3: 313-551 (Flore louisianaise). 1807. The cover of the Fl. ludov. has a slightly different title, "*Florula ludoviciana. Flora of Louisiana* by Robin and Rafinesque with a supplement and appendix by C.S. Rafinesque..." – *Main commentary* and updating of nomenclature: J. Ewan in facs. ed. (below). *Facsimile ed*.: 1967, p. \[ii\*-iv\*\], i-xl (Editor's introduction, J. Ewan), \[i\*\* repr. cover\], \[1\]-178. *Copies*: FAS, PH. – The facsimile ed. was reproduced from the FAS copy of the original. For reviews see J. Ingram, Baileya 16: 147. 1968; A.L. Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 61. 1968; F.A. Stafleu, Taxon 17(3): 296-299. 1968; W.C. Steere, Gard. J. New York Bot. Gard. 19: 27. 1969; R.L. Stuckey, Ohio J. Sci. 68: 128. 1968. *Ref*.: Ewan, J., Southw. Louisiana J. 7: 16-17. 1967; see also facs. ed. 1967 above. - Mitchili, S.L., Amer. mon. Mag 2(5): 368. Mar 1818 (rev.). - Sprengel, K.P.J., Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(2): 165-166. 1819 (rev.). ##### n.8568. Flora Americae septentrionalis **Title** Art. 2. *Flora Americae septentrionalis*, or a systematic arrangement and description of the plants of North America, &c. By Frederick Pursh... 1819. \[Review by Raf. in Amer. mon. Mag. 2(3): 170-176. Jan 1819, 2(4): 265-269. Feb 1818\]. (FIT 258, 264). **Notes** *Publ*.: Jan, Feb 1819, to be cited from journal as quoted above. For Pursh, F., *Fl. Amer. sept.* see TL-2/8404. *Tearsheet copies*: KU, MO. ##### n.8569. Third decade of new species of North-American plants **Title** 18. *Third decade of new species of North-American plants* \[*in* Amer. mon. Mag. 2(3): 206-207. Jan 1818\]. Oct. (FIT 262). **Notes** *Publ*.: Jan 1818, to be cited from journal as quoted. *Tearsheet copy*: MO. – IDC 8119 (3(27)). ##### n.8570. Florula bostoniensis **Title** Art. 3. *Florula bostoniensis*. A collection of plants of Boston... By Jacob Bigelow, M.M. Boston, 1814. 8 vo. 800 pp. 280. \[review by C.S. Rafinesque in Amer. mon. Mag. 2(5): 342-344. New York, March 1818\]. Oct (FIT 265). **Notes** *Publ*.: Mar 1818, to be cited from journal as quoted. *Tearsheet copies*: KU, MO. – For J. Bigelow, *Fl. boston.*, 1814, see TL-2/513. ##### n.8571. A sketch of the botany of South-Carolina and Georgia **Title** Art. 3. *A sketch of the botany of South-Carolina and Georgia*. By Stephen Elliott,... 1817, 5 numbers, 8vo each of 100 pages... to be continued. \[Review by CR. Rafinesque, Amer. mon. Mag. 3(2): 96-101, New York. Jun 1818\]. Oct. (FIT 267). **Notes** *Publ*.: Jun 1818, to be cited from journal as quoted above. *Tearsheet copies*: KU, MO. – For S. Elliott, *Sketch bot. S. Carolina* 1816-1824, see TL-2/1659. ##### n.8572. The genera of North-American plants **Title** Art. 3. *The genera of North-American plants* and a catalogue of the species to the year 1817. By Thomas Nuttall... Philadelphia 1818. \[Review by C.S. Rafinesque, Amer. mon. Mag. 4(3): 184-196. New York, Jan 1819\]. Oct. (FIT 288). **Notes** *Publ*.: Jan 1819, to be cited from journal as quoted. *Tearsheet copies*: G, KU, MO; IDC 8119 (3(21)).- For Th. Nuttall, *Gen. N.- Amer. Pl.* see TL-2/6922. ##### n.8573. Annals of nature **Title** *Annals of nature* or annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals, plants, &c. discovered in North America by C.S. Rafinesque,... Exertion unfolds and increases knowledge. First annual number, for 1820... \[p. 16: printed by Thomas Smith... Lexington, Ky.\]. Qu. †. (*Ann. nat.*). (FIT 370). **Notes** *Publ*.: Mar-Jul 1820 (p. 2: 1 Mar 1820; Torrey copy rd. 31 Jul 1820), p. \[1\]-16. *Copies*: G, K, KU, MO, NY; IDC 7651. – Plants on p. 11-16. *Facsimile reprint*: 15 Jan 1908, p. \[i-ii, new t.p.\], \[1\]-16. *Copy*: KU. – Privately reprinted by T.J. Fitzpatrick, Iowa City, Iowa January 15, 1908. (FIT 939). ##### n.8574. Prodrome d'une monographie des Rosiers **Title** *Prodrome d'une monographie des Rosiers* de l'Amérique septentrionale, contenant la description de quinze nouvelles espèces et vingt variétés par M. CS. Rafinesque. *Sur le genre Houstounia* et description de plusieurs espèces nouvelles, etc. Par le même. *Prodrome d'une monographie de turbinolies* fossiles du Kentuki (dans l'Amériq. septentr.). Par MM C.S. Rafinesque et J.D. Clifford. Extraits de la 14me livraison du 5me tome des Annales générales des Sciences physiques. À Bruxelles (de l'imprimerie de Weissenbruch père, ...) \[1820\]. Duod. (*Prodr. monogr. Rosiers*). FIT 362. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1820, cover p. \[i-ii\], \[1\]-20., cover p. \[iii-iv\]. *Copy*: HH. – Reprinted and to be cited from Ann. gén. Sci. phys., Bruxelles 5(14): 210-220 \[Rosiers, FIT 340\], 224-227 \[*Houstonia* FIT 341), 231-235 \[Turbinolies, FIT 343\]. 1820. – Third paper with John D. Clifford (1778-1820). ##### n.8575. Western Minerva **Title** *Western Minerva*, or American annals of knowledge and literature, un peu de tout. food for the mind. First volume for 1821. Lexington, Kentucky. (Published for the editors, by Thomas Smith,...) 1821. Qu. (*West. Minerva*). (FIT 375-430). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1821 (p. vi: Jan 1821; p. \[7\]: Jan 1820), p. \[i\]-vi, \[7\]-88. *Copies*: PH; IDC 8118. – For further details see the extensive treatment in FIT 375-430, 336, 342, 431, 432 and Merrill, E.D. in facs. repr. *Facsimile repr*.: 1949, p \[i-iv\], \[3 p. note by E.D. Merrill\], \[v\]-vi, \[7\]-88. *Copy*: KU. *Ref*.: Anon., Bot. Gaz. 30: 216. 1900 (copy found at PH). - Fox, W.J., Science ser. 2. 12: 211-215. 1900 (descr. PH copy). ##### n.8576. Proposals to publish by subscription a selection of the miscellaneous works and essays of C.S. Rafinesque **Title** *Proposals to publish by subscription a selection of the miscellaneous works and essays of C.S. Rafinesque*,... in 5 volumes, 12mo. Consisting of a selected collection of tracts, memoirs, dissertations, lectures, reviews, letters, travels, tales, poems, &c. On various subjects... to be published in Lexington, Ky. \[p. 4: Lexington, Ky. October 1821\]. (*Prop. publ. works Raf*). (FIT 435). **Notes** *Publ*.: Oct 1821, p. \[1\]-4. *Copy*: KU. – See FIT 435 for an extensive description and F. Verdoorn (1971), in facsimile reprint (below). *Facsimile reprint*: Jul 1971, 8 p. pamphlet containing the 4 p. facsimile and a commentary, portr., and a note on Rafinesque by F. Verdoorn with a reproduction of the portr. from the *Anal. nat.* (1815). *Copies*: FAS(2). – "*Rafinesque's proposals to publish a selection of his works* (October 1821). A keepsake issued by the International Biohistorical Commision... (July 1971) \[Utrecht, Netherlands\]. ##### n.8577. First catalogues and circulars of the botanical garden of Transylvania University **Title** *First catalogues and circulars of the botanical garden of Transylvania University* at Lexington in Kentucky, for the year 1824. Premiers catalogues et circulaires du jardin botanique de l'université transylvane à Lexington en Kentucky pour l'année 1824. Printed for the Botanical Garden Company, by John M. M'Calla, Lexington, Ky. 1824. Duod. (in sixes). (*First cat. gard. Transylv. Univ.*). (FIT 468). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1824, p. \[1\]-24. *Copies*: HH, K, KU, NY; IDC 8103. – See FIT for details. ##### n.8578. Neogenyton **Title** *Neogenyton*, or indication of sixty-six new genera of plants of North America. By C.S. Rafinesque,... 1825. Dedicated to professor De Candolle of Geneva \[Lexington, Ky.\]. (*Neogenyton*). (FIT 474). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1825, p. \[1\]-4. *Copies*: G(2), HH, KU, NY, PH, WU; IDC 5652. *Facsimile reprint*: 1914, p. \[i-ii\], \[1\]-4. *Copies*: KU, MO, PH. – p. \[i\]: Neogenyton by C.S. Rafinesque, p. \[ii\], undated foreword by "The Editor A.M.N." Issued by the Amer. Midl. Natural. ##### n.8579. Medical flora **Title** *Medical flora*; or, manual of the medical botany of the United States of North America. Containing a selection of above 100 figures and descriptions of medical plants, with their names, qualities, properties, history, &c. and notes or remarks on nearly 500 equivalent substitutes. In two volumes... Philadelphia (printed and published by Atkinson & Alexander,...) 1828. Duod. (in sixes). (*Med. fl.*), (FIT 554, 557). **Notes** *1*: 1828 (deposited 11 Jan 1828), p. \[i\*-iii\*\], \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-268, *pl. 1-52* (uncol.). *2*: 1830 (p. 6: Mai 1830), p. \[1\]-276, *pl. 53-100* (id.). *Copies*: FH, FI, G, HH, KU(2), MO, NY, PH, USDA; IDC 768. – Cover title: "Medical flora and botany of the United States, with one hundred plates..." *Reissue vol. 1*: 1841, p. \[i\*-iv\*\], \[i\]-xii, \[1\]-259, *pl. 1-52* (id.). (FI 925). *Copies*: HH, KU; IDC 8110. – "*Manual of the medical botany of the United States*; containing a description of fifty-two medical plants, with their names, qualities, properties, history, & c. with remarks on nearly 500 substitutes and fifty-two coloured plates. By Professor Rafinesque, A.M. Philadelphia: 1841." *Reissue vol. 2*: see FIT 933. Questionable. *Ref*.: Lloyd, J.U. & J.T., J. Amer. pharm. Ass. 20: 918-921. 1931 (acquisition copy *Med. fl.*). - \[Schlechtendal, D.F.L. von\], Linnaea 9 (litt.): 95-100. 1834 (review). ##### n.8580. American manual of the grape vines **Title** Eight figures, twenty-five cents. *American manual of the grape vines* and the art of making wine: including an account of 62 species of vines, with nearly 300 varieties. An account of the principal wines, american and foreign. Properties and uses of wines and grapes. Cultivation of vines in America; and the art to make good wines. With 8 figures ... Let every farmer drink his own wine. Philadelphia (printed for the author) 1830. Duod. (in sixes). (*Amer. man. grape vines*) (FIT 558). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1830, p. \[1\]-64, \[1, add.\], *2 pl. Copies*: FI, G, KU, NY, USDA; IDC 8093. – A reprint of the article on *Vitis* in Med. fl. 2: 121-180 (= 5-64), *pl. 99-100* (unnumbered in repr.). The reprint is later than the original because it contains at least one correction. ##### n.8581. figures of handsome American and garden flowers–by C.S. Rafinesque. **Title** American florist-second series. Eighteen *figures of handsome American and garden flowers–by C.S. Rafinesque.* Philadelphia, 1832. Broadside. **Abbreviated title**: *Fig. Amer. gard. fl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1832, broadside, figures in three rows of six each, nos. 19-36. See FIT 606 and 607 for further details. *Copy*: FH. ##### n.8582. Atlantic journal **Title** *Atlantic journal*, and friend of knowledge. In eight numbers. Containing about 160 original articles and tracts on natural and historical sciences, the description of about 150 new plants, and 100 new animals or fossils. Many vocabularies of languages, historical and geological facts, &c.... Philadelphia 1832-1833 (two dollars) (*Atl. J.*), (FIT 620-785). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1832-1833, *pl*., p. \[i-iv\], \[1\]-212. *Copies*: KU, NY; IDC 8200. *1*(*1*): 20 Mar 1832, p. \[1\]-36. *1*(*2*): Summer 1832, p. \[37\]-82, *pl. 1* (extra of no. *3*): Sep 1832, p. \[83\]-90. *1*(*3*): Autumn of 1832, p. 91-122. *1*(*4*): Winter of 1832, p. \[123\]-154. *1*(*5*): Spring 1833, p. \[155\]-170. *1*(*6*): Summer 1833, p. \[171\]-186. *1*(*7*): Autumn 1833, p. \[187\]-202. *1*(*8*): Winter 1833, p. \[203\]-212. Extra of 6: see below *Herbarium Rafinesquianum*. *Facsimile ed*.: 1946, \[i\*, *pl*., i-iv\], \[1\]-212. *Copies*: BR, FAS, G, MO, NY. – Photolithographed by The Murray Printing Company, Cambridge. Massachusetts for the Arnold Arboretum \[Harvard University, Jamaica Plains, Mass. U.S.A.\] 1946. (text on p. \[ii\]). *Extract*: J. Bot. 30: 310-311. 1892, "An early evolutionist", reprint of extract letter to Torrey on p. 163-164 "Every variety is a deviation which becomes a Sp. as soon as it is permanent by reproduction.". ##### n.8583. Herbarium rafinesquianum **Title** Atlantic Journal. – Extra of N. 6. *Herbarium rafinesquianum*. Prodromus. – Pars prima Rarissim. plant. nov. Herbals; or botanical collections of C.S. Rafinesque... First \[second, third\] part... the labor of a whole life! Philadelphia: 1833. Price one dollar. (*Herb. raj.*). (FIT 786-820). **Notes** *1*(*1*): extra of Atlantic Journal no. 6, summer 1833, p. \[1-16. *1*(*2*): extra of id. no. 7, autumn 1833, p. 17-32. *2*: extra of id. no. 8, winter 1833, p. 33-48. *3*: ? 1833, p. 49-64. *3, continued*: ? 1833, p. 65-80. *Copies*: G (p. 1-48), HH (p. 1-48), KU (p. 1-32), NY (p. 1-80, only complete copy known); IDC 5653. – Issued separately; free for subscribers to *Atlantic journal*. See also BM 4: 1639. *Ref*.: Britten, N.L., J. Bot. 38: 224-225. 1900. - Fernald, M.L., Rhodora 48: 5-13. 1946. ##### n.8584. Bemerkungen zur Encyclopaedia of plants of Loudon **Title** *Bemerkungen zur Encyclopaedia of plants of Loudon*, Lindley and Sowerby von C.S. Rafinesque Professor der Botanik and Naturgeschichte etc. in Philadelphia. Januar 1831 (Aus Loudon's Gardener's Magazine vol. viii. (April 1832). p. 245 \[*in* Linnaea 8 (Litt): 67-75. 1834\]. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1834. – A german translation, not mentioned by Fitzpatrick (but listed by Boewe as no. 605) of a paper originally published in The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural & Domestic Improvement, conducted by J.C. Loudon, 8(2): 244-248. Apr 1832 ("Art. III. Retrospective criticism"), (FIT 605). J. Britten drew attention to this article with its secondary title "Remarks on the Encyclopedia of plants of Loudon, Lindley and Sowerby" in J. Bot. 224-229. Jun 1900, giving a reprint. (FIT 938). The Linnaea paper is only of historical interest; the 50 notes containing nomenclatural remarks date from Apr 1832. – For J.C. Loudon, *Encycl. PL* 1829, see TL-2/5026. ##### n.8585. A life of travels **Title** *A life of travels* and researches in North America and South Europe, or outlines of the life, travels and researches of C.S. Rafinesque,... containing his travels in North America and the South of Europe; the Atlantic Ocean, Meditteranean, Sicily, Azores, &c. from 1802-1835 – with sketches of his scientific and historical researches, &c.... Philadelphia (printed for the author,...) 1836. price seventy-five cents. 12-mo (in sixes). (*Life of travels*), (FIT 863). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1836, p. \[1\]-148. *Copies*: HH, KU, NY; IDC 8109. *Reprint*: Chronica botanica 8(2): 298-353. 1944, with an introduction by E.D. Merrill (p. 292-297), a critical index by F.W. Pennell (p. 354-360) and illustrations, provided, with extensive captions, by F. Verdoorn. *Ref*.: Brown, R.H., Geogr. Rev. 35: 337-338. 1945 (rev.). - Dayton, W.A., J. Forest. 43: 381-382. 1945 (rev.; misc. info.). - Higinbotham, R., Amer. Midl. Natural. 37: 805-806. 1947 (rev.). - Merriman, D., Amer. J. Sci. 243: 109-110. 1945 (rev.). - Taylor, R.L., William and Mary Quart. ser. 3. 2: 213-221. 1945 (well-informed review). ##### n.8586. New flora and botany of North America **Title** *New flora and botany of North America* or a supplemental flora, additional to all the botanical works on North America and the United States, containing 1000 new or revised species... Philadelphia 1836 \[-1838\]. Price five dollars – $ 20 for 5 copies (*New Fl.*), (FIT 864-868). **Notes** *1*: Introd. Lexicon, etc.: Dec 1836, p. \[1\]-100. *2*: Neobotanon: Jul-Dec 1837, p. \[1\]-96. *3*: New Sylva: Jan-Mar 1838, p. \[1\]-96. *4*: Neobotanon: late 1838, p. \[1\]-112. (p. 1 is t.p. for entire work with text as above). *Copies*: G, HH, KU, MO, NY, PH, USDA; IDC 5220. – The covers, the first pages of parts 1-3, and the third page of part four have different titles for which see e.g. FIT. For the dates see J.H. Barnhart, Torreya 7: 177-182. 1907. *Facsimile ed*: 1946, (cover titles included): \[i, cover part i; ii, new imprint and ref. to Barnhart, 1907\], \[1\]-100, \[i\], \[1\]-96, \[i, cover part 2\], \[1, t.p. part 4\], 3-96 (text part 2), \[i\], \[1\]-96, \[i, cover part 4\], \[1, t.p. whole work\], \[3, t.p. part 2\], \[4\]-122 (text part 4).. *Copies*: FAS, G, MO, USDA. – p. \[ii\]: Photolithographed by the Murray Printing Company Cambridge, Massachusetts, for the Arnold Arboretum \[Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, U.S.A.\] 1946. *Ref*.: Silliman, B., ed., Amer. J. Si. 34: 386-387. 1839 (notice publ.). ##### n.8587. Flora telluriana **Title** *Flora telluriana* centur. i.-xii. Mantissa synoptica. 200 N. Ord. – N. Gen. – N. Sp. plantarum in orbus tellurianum. Determ. coll. inv. obs. et. descr. ann. 1796-1836. Auctore C.S. Rafinesque,... Philadelphia 1836\[-1838\]. Qu. (*Fl. tellur.*), (FIT 869-873). **Notes** *1*: Jan-Mar 1837, p. \[1\]-101, \[103, cont.\]. *2*: Jan-Mar 1837, p. \[1\]-112. *3*: Nov-Dec 1837, p. \[1\]-100. *4*: medio 1838, p. \[1\]-135 (p. \[1\] is t.p. whole work with text as above). *Copies*: HH, KU, NY, US, USDA; IDC 6158. – The covers and t.p.'s of the four pages are different from the t.p. for the whole work. For full details see e.g. FIT. For dates see J.H. Barnhart, Torreya 7: 177-182. 1907. *Facsimile ed*.: 1946 (covers included): \[i\], \[1\]-101, \[103\], \[i\], \[1\]-112, \[i\], \[1\]-100, \[i\], \[1\]-135. *Copies*: BR, FAS, G, US. – Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, U.S.A. *Ref*.: Silliman, B., ed., Amer. J. Sci. 34: 386-387. 1838 (notice). ##### n.8588. Alsographia americana **Title** *Alsographia americana*, or an American grove of new or revised trees and shrubs of the genera Myrica, Calycanthus, Salix, Quercus, Fraxinus, Populus, Tilia, Sambucus, Viburnum, Cornus, Juglans, Aesculus, &c, with some new genera, monographs, and many new sp. in 330 articles, completing 1405 g. and sp. as a continuation of the Sylva telluriana and North American trees & shrubs,... Philadelphia 1838. Price one dollar. Qu. (*Alsogr. amer.*), (FIT 883). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1838, p. \[1\]-76. *Copies*: HH(2), KU, USDA; IDC 8092. ##### n.8589. Sylva telluriana **Title** *Sylva telluriana*. Mantis. synopt. New genera and species of trees and shrubs of North America, and other regions of the earth, omitted or mistaken by botanical authors and compilers, or not properly classified, now reduced by their natural affinities to the proper natural orders and tribes... being a supplement to the Flora telluriana... Philadelphia (printed for the author and publisher) 1838. Qu. (*Sylva tellur.*), (FIT 885). **Notes** *Publ*.: Oct-Dec 1838 (p. 7: Oct 1838), p. \[1\]-184. *Copies*: HH, NY, US, USDA; IDC 8117. – See also Sandwith, N.Y., Taxon 4: 70. 1955. *Facsimile ed*.: Jan 1943, p. \[1\]-184. *Copies*: BR, FAS, G, KU. – Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. ##### n.8590. American manual of the mulberry trees **Title** *American manual of the mulberry trees*. Their history, cultivation, properties, diseases, species and varieties &c., with hints on the production of silk from their barks &c.... The production of silk by animal agency is one of the miracles of nature. Philadelphia 1839. Duod. (in sixes). (*Amer. man. mulberry trees*), (FIT 894). **Notes** *Publ*.: 1839, p. \[1\]-96. *Copies*: HH, KU, US, USDA; IDC 8097. – On cover: Publications of the Eleutherium of knowledge, number 5. ##### n.8591. The good book **Title** *The good book*, and amenities of nature, or annals of historical and natural sciences. Containing selections, of observations, researches and novelties in all the branches of physical and historical knowledge, with letters of eminent authors – chiefly on zoology, botany, agronomy, geognosy, ethnography... or organized beings and fossils, nations and languages... Philadelphia (printed for the Eleutherium of knowledge) 1840. Qu. †. (*Good book*), (FIT 900-921). **Notes** *Publ*.: Jan 1840 (cover of first and only part issued), p. \[1\]-84. *Copies*: HH, KU, PH, US(2), USDA; IDC 8107. – For a list of contents and further details see e.g. FIT. ##### n.8592. Autikon botanikon **Title** *Autikon botanikon*. Icones plantarum select. nov. vel rariorum, plerumque americana, interdum african. europ. asiat. oceanic. &c. centur. xxv. Botanical illustrations by select specimens or self-figures in 25 centuries of 2500 plants, trees, shrubs, vines, lilies, grasses, ferns &c, chiefly new or rare, doubtful or interesting, from North America and some other regions; with accounts of the undescribed, notes, synonyms, localities &c. in 5 parts of 5 centuries each of text with 25 volumes folio of self-figures... Philadelphia (collected, ascertained and described between 1815 & 1840. Qu. †. (*Autik. bot.*), (FI 897-899). **Notes** *1*, cent. i-v: 1840, \[1\]-72. *2*, cent. vi-x: 1840, \[73\]-140. *3*, cent. xi-xv: 1840, \[141\]-200. *Copies*: HH, MO, NY, USDA; IDC 8101. – Only three out of five scheduled parts published. The work was to have been accompanied by botanical specimens: (t.p.): "the best botanical figures are the objects themselves". *Facsimile ed*.: 1942, \[i, repr. of cover\], ii, note by E.D. Merrill\], \[1\]-200. *Copies*: BR, FAS, G, MO, PH. – Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. *Review*: Verdoorn, F., Chron. bot. 7: 236-237. 1942. *Ref*.: Merrill, E.D., Science ser. 2-96: 180-184. 1942. - Pennell, F.W., 48: 89-96. 1921.