> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 298](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33189769) of TL-2 Vol. IV > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/7764-1) LSID 7764-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354612) QID Q354612 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Plukenet, Leonard (1642-1706), British botanist and physician, probably educated at Westminster School; practicing physician in London, later Queen's botanist to Mary II (wife of Willem III) and superintendent of Hampton Court. **Abbreviated name**: *Pluk.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Pluk.*\] #### Herbarium and types Plukenet bequeathed his herbarium to his wife, afterwards it came in the hands of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Norwich; Sir Hans Sloane bought them from Dr. Moore in 1710, and they now constitute H.S. 83, 84, 85, 86, 87-105 of his herbarium ([[Collection BM|BM]]). Dandy (1958) gives a detailed description of these volumes, which are "models of neatness". The collectors are seldom indicated but can "be ascertained by reference to Plukenet's published works for which the specimens are typical, being in many cases the actual plants from which the figures in the Phytographia were taken". The importance of Plukenet's herbarium is evident from this circumstance; many later authors, including Linnaeus based species upon Plukenet's plates. A disturbing circumstance is that Plukenet's labels (as was the case with Petiver's) were unattached to the specimens when received by Sloane. For all further details, including a list of collectors, see Dandy. – Other herbaria claiming the possession of some Plukenet material: [[Collection L|L]], [[Collection LE|LE]] and [[Collection OXF|OXF]] (possibly mostly specimens from P's garden). – Plukenet's own copies of his books, with ms notes, are at [[Collection BM|BM]]. #### Bibliography and biography AG 1: 38; Backer p. 452; Barnhart 3: 93; BB p. 246 (b. Dec 1641, d. 6 Jul 1706); BM 4: 1587; Bossert p. 313; Bret. p. 33; Clokie p. 225 (specimens at OXF); Desmond p. 498 (b. 1642); De Toni 1: c; DNB 45: 432; Dryander 3: 66-67; GR p. 410; HE p. 96; Herder p. 84; Jackson p. 31; Kew 4: 325; Lasègue p. 12, 322, 324, 434; LS 29997-20999; MW p. 389; NI 1540-1543, see also 1: 103; Plesch p. 364; PR 3348, 7116, 7212, 9172 (ed. 1: 8086); Rehder 1: 228; SA 2: 594; SO 681C; Sotheby 606; SK 4: lxxx, lxxxi; TL-1/982; TL-2/see Buddie; Tucker 1: 561. #### Biofile - Allen, D.E., The naturalist in Britain 10, 19. 1976. - Allibone, S.A., Crit. dict. Engl. lit. 1610. 1870. - Boulger, G.S., J. Bot. 38: 336-338. 1900 (on a copy of Ray, Cat. pl. Angl., 1760, with mss notes by P.). - Bretschneider, E., J. Bot., 21: 213. 1883 (with note by B.D. Jackson on dates of *Phytographia*). - Bridson, G.D.R. et al., Nat. hist. mss. res. Brit. Isl. 429 \[index\]. 1980 (mss). - Burkill, I.H., Chapt. Hist. Bot. India 9-10. 1965. - Dandy, J.E., The Sloane herbarium 36-41, 183-188. 1958. - Darlington, W., Memorials 308, 325. 1849. - Dony, J.G., Fl. Hertfordshire 11. 1967. - Ewan, J., Regn. veg. 71: 19, 23, 25-29, 32, 50. 1970. - Ewan, J. & N., John Banister 483. 1970; also J. Ewan *in* F. Pursh, Fl. Amer. sept. facs. repr. 1979, introd. p. 24. 1979. - Ewan, J. et al., Short hist. bot. U.S. 30, 31. 1969. - Freeman, R.B., Brit. nat. hist. books 282-283. 1980 (bibl.). - Fries, Th.M., Bref Skrifv. Linné 1(3): 67. 1909, 1(6): 189. 1912. - Giseke, P.D., Index linn. Leonh. Pluk. opera bot., p. i-x. 1779. - Guédès, M., Arch. nat. Hist. 19(1): 67-76. 1981 (impt. analysis of printed books). - Gunn, M. & L.E. Codd, Bot. expl. S. Afr. 37-38. 1981. - Hawksworth, D.L. & M.R.D. Seaward, Lichenol. Brit. Isl. 1568-1975, p. 5, 134, 198. 1977. - Herder, F. v., Bot. Centralbl. 55: 259. 1893 (some Plukenet material at LE). - Howard, R.A., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 79: 71-85. 1979 (West-Indian records Plukenet and Petiver; updated nomenclature). - Hulth, J.M., Bref Skrifv. Linné 1(8): 29, 33. 1922, 2(1): 10, 11, 309, 2(2): 37, 38, 74, 96. 1943. - Jackson, B.D., J. Bot. 20: 338-342. 1882, 32: 247-248. 1894 (biographical details on the "Queen's botanist"). - Jourdan, A.L.J., Dict. sci. méd., Biogr. méd. 6: 454-455. 1824. - Kent, D.H., Brit. herb. 73. 1957, Hist. Fl. Middlesex 15. 1975. - King, G., J. Bot. 37: 454-463. 1899 (P. on Indian pl.). - Kuntze, O., Rev. gen. pl. 1: cxxxviii. 1891. - Milner, J.D., Cat. portr. Kew 96. 1906. - Pearsall, W.H., Fl. Surrey 45. 1931. - Pulteney, R., Sketches 2: 18-29. 1790. - Raven, C.E., John Ray, ed. 2. 64, 231-232, 245, 301. 1950. - Reynolds, G.W., Aloes S. Africa 78. 1950. - Römer, J.J., Neu. Mag. Bot. 1: 329-331. 1794 (on mss). - Smith, J.E., *in* Rees, Cycl. vol. 27, alph. - Stafleu, F.A., Intr. Jussieu Gen. Pl. xlii. 1964; *in* fasc. ed. 1971 of N.J. Jacquin, Sel. stirp. amer. (1763). - Trimen, H. & W.T.T. Dyer, Fl. Middlesex 374-376. 1869. - White, A. et al., Succ. Euphorb. 1: 36-37. 1946. - White, A. & B.L. Sloane, The Stapelieae 14, 15. 1933, ed. 2. 77. 1937. - Wilson, E.H., Plant hunting 1: 33, 2: 107. 1927. #### Note For a discussion of contemporary opinion on Plukenet and on his relations with Ray, Petiver and Sloane, relations which were not always of the friendliest, see Dandy. Plukenet and Petiver are known for their criticism of colleagues expressed on labels of herbarium specimens sent abroad (e.g. to Tournefort and Vaillant). Linnaeus expressed himself favorably on Plukenet (Crit. Bot. no. 283): "Plukenetia is a plant with flowers of unique structure, even as Plukenet was unique among botanists" and "Plukenet prefers plants to any riches: he grudges nothing if he can only draw pictures of the rarities with which he has fallen more deeply in love than almost anyone else" (transl. Hort.). #### General index P.D. Giseke, *Index linnaeanus in Leonhardi Plukenetii,... opera botanica*... Hamburg 1779, see below (no. 8065), preceded by M. van Phelsum, Explicatio Phytographiae L. Plukentii. Harlingae \[Harlingen, Netherlands\] 1769. #### Handwriting Dandy, J.E., The Sloane Herbarium, London 1938, facsimile no. 6; Clokie p. 279. #### Eponymy *Plukeneta* Cothenius (1790, *orth. var.*); *Plukenetia* Linnaeus (1753), ING 3: 1375. ### Publications ##### n.8064. Phytographia **Title** Leonardi Plukenetii *Phytographia* sive illustriorum & miniis cognitarum icones tabulis aeneis summâ diligentiâ elaboratae; quarum unaquaeque titulis descriptoriis ex notis suis propriis & characteristicis desumptis insignita; ab aliis ejusdem sortis facile discriminatur. Pars prior... Londini (sumptibus autoris) 1691. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Phytographia*. **Notes** *Pars prior*. 1691, p. \[i, engr. t.p., iii engr. ded., v engr. pref.\], *pl. 1-72* (all *454 pl*. (2715 figs.) are copper engr. of drawings by J. Collins). *Pars altera*: 1691, p. \[i, iii\], *pl. 73-113*, \[first\] appendix \[*i*\], *pl. 114-117*, altera appendix \[i\], *pl. 118-120.* *Pars tertia*: 1692, p. \[i-vii\], *pl. 121-239*, \[third\] appendix *pl. 240-250.* \[*Pars quarta*\]: 1694, *pl. 251-328*, \[1-6\], belongs to *Almagestum*. *Almagestum*: 1696, p. \[i-v\], 1-402, \[1, 2, abbrev.\], plates publ. 1694 see pars quarta. "*Almagestum botanicum* sive Phytographiae Pluc'netianae onomasticon methodo syntheticâ digestum exhibens stirpium exoticarum, rariorum, novarumque nomina, quae descriptionis locum supplere possunt... adjiciuntur & aliquot novarum plantarum icones in gratiam phylophytosophorum in lucem nùnc editae. Trahit sua quemquè voluptas... Londini (sumptibus autoris) 1696. Qu. *Almagesti... mantissa*: 1700, p. \[i-v\], 1-191, \[1, app.\], \[1-28, index\], *pl. 329-350.* "*Almagesti botanici mantissa*. Plantarum novissimè detectarum ultrà millenarium numerum complectens. Cui, tanquam pedi jam stands Columnae plus ultra inscribere fas est. Cum indice otius operis ad calcem adjecto... Londini (sumptibus autoris) 1700. *Amaltheum*: 1705, p. \[i-v\], 1-216, \[1-2, app.\], \[1-7, index\], \[1, err.\], *pl. 351-454.* "*Amaltheum botanicum*. (i.e.)stirpium indicarum alterum copiae cornu millenas ad minimum & bis centum diversas species novas & indictas nominatim comprehendens; quarum sexcenae & insuper, selectis iconibus, aeneisque tabulis in gratiam phytosophorum exquisite & summo artificio illustrantur... Londini 1705". *Copies*: BR, NY, USDA. *Reprint*\[*1*\]: \[*1*\]: 1720. Opera omnia botanica, in sex tomos divisa; viz. i, ii, iii, Phytographia... Londini (Apud Guil. & Joan. Innys,...) 1720, p. \[i-vii\], followed by original volumes. *Copies*: NY, USDA; IDC 6154. *Reprint* \[*2*\]: 1769, secundò excusum, ediderunt T. Davies,... 1769. \[London\]. *Copies*: US, USDA. – This post-linnaean reprint is not a new publication and does not count for botanical nomenclature. *Note*: For an up-to-date summary of the knowldge of the bibliography of Plukenet's works see M. Guédès (1981). – Our analysis is that of the NY copy; for all further details however, see Guédès. *Ref*.: Tenzel, F.B.R., Nomenclator systematicus in Leonardi Plukenetii phytographiam, Erlangen, 1820, 106 p. (fide Rehder 1: 78). ##### n.8065. Index linnaeanus in Leonhardi Plukenetii **Title** *Index linnaeanus in Leonhardi Plukenetii*, M.D. Opera botanica olim in privatos usus conscriptus, nunc vero in aliorum etiam commodum editus. Accessere variae in vitam et opera Plukenetii observationes partim ex ipsius msto auctore Paulo Dieterico Giseke,... Index linnaeanus in Joannis Jacobi Dillenii Historiam muscorum ob similem usum additus est auctore eodem... prostat Hamburgi apud auctorem et Carolo Ernesto Bohn commissum. Typis Caroli Wilhelmi Meyn. 1779. Qu. **Abbreviated title**: *Index linn. Pluk.* **Notes** *Author*. Paul Dietrich Giseke (1741-1796). *Publ*.: 1779, p. \[i\]-x, \[1\]-46. *Copy*: MO.