> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 701](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33355788) of TL-2 Vol. III > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/23973-1) LSID 23973-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77700) QID Q77700 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Necker, Noel Joseph de (1730-1793), French-born botanist and historiographer; later "kurpfälzischer Botaniker" in Mannheim **Abbreviated name**: *Neck.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Neck.*\] #### Herbarium and types Unknown. Some mosses perhaps in [[Collection B|B]]-Bridel (fide Sayre 1977). #### Name and nationality Necker was born in Lille on 25 Dec 1730 and baptised Natalis Martinus Joseph, in French Noël Martin Joseph; sec MD p. ii and E. Leclair Bull. Soc. Études Prov. Cambrai 10: 184-189. 1897. #### Bibliography and biography ADB 23: 368-376; AG 5(1): 781; Ainsworth p. 32, 65, 312, 345; BM 3: 1406, 7: 905; Bossert p. 283; Dryander 3: 27, 33, 48, 145, 156, 221, 224, 311; Frank 3 (Anh.): 70; GR p. 290-291, cat. p. 68; Hawksworth p. 184, 196; Hegi 7: 559; Herder p. 468; Hortus 3: 1200 ("Neck."); IF suppl. 1: 132; Jackson p. 152; Kew; 4: 121; Krempelh. 1: 37, 466, 472, 509, 572, 603, 612, 2: 39, 44-48; LS 18817-18822, 37347; MD p. ii; Moebius p. 97; NAF 28B(2): 348; NI 1436; PR 6632-6638, 10288 (ed. 1: 7404); Rehder 5: 611; RS p. 121; SBC p. 128; SO 148, 474, 650da, 655a, 694; TL-1/908-911; Tueker 1: 512; Zander ed. 10, p. 696, ed. 11, p. 794. - Bullock, A. A., Taxon 8: 46-48. 1959 (N's names of species naturales to be rejected). - Dandy, J. E. and Ross, R., Taxon 7: 261-262. 1958 (proposal not to treat the names of N's species naturales as names of genera). See also J. E. Dandy, Regn. veg. 51: 17. 1967. - Eriksson, G., Bot. hist. Sverige 326, 329. 1969. - Fries, Th. M., Bref Skrifv. Linné 1(3): 26. 1909. - Greene, E. L., Pittonia 4: 103-107. 1900, Leaflets bot. Obs. 1: 50-53. 1904. - Hulth, J. M., Bref Skrifv. Linné 2(1): 141, 268, 269. 1916. - J., Diet. sci. méd., Biogr. méd. 6: 320. 1824. - Lawrence, G. H. M., Huntia 1: 164. 1964 (letters). - Lütjeharms, W.J., Gesch. Mykol. 246, 259 \[index\]. 1936. - Mansfeld, R., Taxon 7: 155-156. 1958 (proposed to treat Necker's generic taxa termed natural species as validly published). - Margadant, W. D., *in* Lawrence, G. H. M., ed., Adanson 1: 301, 334. 1963. - M. B., L'auteur justifié ou examen de la récension faite par les journalistes de la Bibliothèque universelle allemande au sujet de la physiologie de M. de Necker. Mannheim (De l'imprimerie de la cour) 1798, 30 p. (copy at M; possibly written by Necker himself). - Meusel, J. G., Lex. teut. Schriftst. 10: 30-31. 1810 (bibl.). - Necker, N.J. de, Liste des écrits, *in* Philosophie zoologique 1-16. 1790; Phytologie philosophique 11-16. 1790. - Oligschläger, F. W., Flora 16(1): 340. 1833. - Proskauer, J., Taxon 7: 124. 1958, 8: 19. 1959. - Sayre, G., Bryologist 80: 514. 1977 (mosses in B. Bridel?). - Stafleu, F. A., Taxon 12: 74-75. 1963; Linnaeus and the Linnaeans 273. 1971; see also *in *Daniels, G. S. and F. A. Stafleu, Taxon 22(1): 56. 1973 (portr.). - Stafleu, F. A. et al., eds., Int. code bot. nom., ed. Leningrad 1978, art. 20.4(b) (The unitary designations of N's species naturales not to be treated as generic names). - Willmott, A. J., Bull. misc. Inf. Kew 1955: 92; Syn. prop. Brit. Bot. 77-80. 1935 (Necker's names of "species naturales" to be rejected). - Wittrock, V. B., Acta Horti Berg. 3(2): 137. 1903, 3(3): 146. 1905. #### Eponymy *Neckeria* Scopoli (1777, *nom. rej.*), *Neckera* J. Hedwig (1801, *nom. cons.*) and *Neckeriai*. F. Gmelin (1791, *nom. rej.*) very likely commemorate Necker. *Note*: The following genera were derived from *Neckera* J.Hedwig: *Metaneckera* W. C. Steere (1967); *Neckeradelphus* Lazarenko (1941); *Neckeradelphus* W. C. Steere (1941) and *Neckeropsis* Reichardt (1870). *Neckia* Korthals (1848) was named in honor of Jacob van Neck (1564-1638) Dutch admiral who was one of the first to travel to Southeast Asia. *Dicneckeria* Vellozo (1825) is dedicated "in memoriam D. Dienecker", whose identity could not be established. ### Publications ##### n.6665. Deliciae gallo-belgicae **Title** Natalis Josephi de Necker *Deliciae gallo-belgicae* silvestres, seu tractatus generalis plantarum gallo-belgicarum ad genera relatarum, cum differentiis specifieis, nominibus trivialibus, pharmaceuticis, locis natalibus, proprietatibus virtualibus ex observatione, chemiac legibus, auctoribus praeclaris cum animadversionibus secundum principia linnaeana... Argentorati \[Strasbourg\] (Venditur apud Jacob. Francisc. Leroux. Bibliop. Ex prelo Jonae Lorenzii, typographi 1768. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Delic. gallo-belg.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1768, p. \[i\]-xxiv, \[1\]-288, \[i\], \[289\]-568, index sign. Nn5-Rr1,2 *pl*. (uncol.), in 2 vols. with consecutive pagination. *Copies*: G, M; IDC 5145. *Reissue*: 1773, p. \[i\]-xxiv, \[1\]-288, \[i\], \[289\]-568, index as in orig. ed., *2 pl*. (id.). *Copies*: BR, FI. *Note*: Unlike those in the *Elementa*, the generic names published in the *Deliciae* must be taken into account for botanical nomenclature. A certain number of them are pre-linnaean names taken up here for the first time, others are orthographic variants of names previously and validly published by other authors. In general these variants are of no importance. Necker used here also Linnaean binomials as specific names. ##### n.6666. Methodus muscorum **Title** N. J. de Necker... *Methodus muscorum* per classes, ordines, genera ac species cum synonymis, nominibus trivialibus, locis natalibus, observationibus digestorum, aeneisque figuris illustratorum... Mannhemii \[Mannheim\] (ex Typograph. Academ. Elect. Scient.) 1771. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Meth. muse.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1771 (p. xiv: 2 Jan 1771; Jenaische Z. gel. S. 26 Aug 1771), p. \[i\]-xvii, \[1\]-296, *1 pl*. (uncol. copp.). *Copies*: BR, FH, FI, G, H; IDC 588. ##### n.6667. Physiologia muscorum **Title** Nat. Jos. de Necker... *Physiologia muscorum* per examen analyticum de corporibus variis naturalibus inter se collatis continuitatem proximamve animalis cum vegetabili concatenationem indicatibus. Manhemii \[Mannheim\] (Impensis C. F. Schwan,...) 1774. **Abbreviated title**: *Physiol. musc.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1774 (pref.: 3 Jan 1774), p. \[i-viii\], \[1\]-343, *1 pl*. (uncol. copp.). *Copies*: BR, G, H, MO-Steere, NY, USDA. ##### n.6668. Traité sur la mycitologie **Title** *Traité sur la mycitologie* ou discours historique sur les champignons en général, das lequel on démontre leur véritable origine & leur génération; d'où dépendent les effets pernicieux & funestes de ceux que l'on mange, avec les moyens de les éviter. Opuscule avec figures par Natalis Joseph de Necker,... à Mannheim (Chez Mathias Fontaine,...) 1783. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Traité mycitol.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1783 (p. \[x\]: 30 Mai 1783), p. \[i-x\], \[1\]-133, \[134-136, expl. Pl 137, err.\], *1 pl*. (uncol. copp.). *Copies*: BR, FH, G, MO, NY, Stevenson(2). ##### n.6669. Willemetia **Title** *Willemetia*. Nouveau genre de plantes, créé par M. de Necker, premier botaniste de s.a.s. l'Électeur palatin de Manheim: son historiographe, &c. \[s.d.\]. **Notes** *Publ*.: date unknown, p. \[1\]-7. *Copy*: G. – The greater part (p. 4-7) of the text of this pamphlet is by Remi Willemet (1735-1807) but the text on p. 1-3 (Willemetia hieracioides) must be ascribed to "Necker in Willemet". Publication must have taken place between 1777 and 1790. Dryander 3: 308 mentions a. *plate* in addition to the text for P. 1-3. ##### n.6670. Elementa botanica **Title** Nat. Jos. de Necker,... *Elementa botanica* genera genuina, species naturales omnium vegetabilium detectorum eorumque characteres diagnosticos ac peculiares exhibentia, secundum systema omologium seu naturale, evulgata. Cum tabulis separatis tomus primus \[-tertius\] Neowedae ad Rhenum \[Neuwied\] (apud Societatem Typographicam) 1790, 3 vols. **Abbreviated title**: *Elem. bot.* **Notes** *Orig. issue*: Apr(?) 1790 (For date see ST p. 74-75). *Copies*: BR, G(2), M, MO, US; IDC 244. *1*: \[i\], \[iii, frontisp. portr. author\], \[v\]-xxxii, \[1\]-389. *2*: \[i, iii-iv\], \[1\]-460. *3*: \[i, iii-iv\], \[1\]-456, \[457, err.\], *pl. i-x*(as *xi*), *xi-xiii, xiii*\[*bis*\], *xiv, xiv*\[*bis*\], *xv-xli, xli*\[*bis*\], *xlii-xlv, xlv*\[*bis*\], *xlv*\[*bis a*\], *lii, lii*\[*bis*\], *liii, liii*\[*bis*\], *liv, liv*\[*bis*\] (in all *63 pl.*). (uncol. copp.). *Paris issue*: 1790. *Copy*: MO. – "... tomus primus \[-tertius\]. Parisiis (apud Bossange et Soc. Bibliopol., Rue des Noyers, no. 33. Typis Societatis Typographicae Neowedensis) 1790, 3 vols. – Collation MO copy as above but lacking the plates. *Neuwied/Strassburg iussue*: 1791 (1: p. x: Jan 1791; GGA 13 Oct 1791). *Copy*: USDA. – "Nat. Jos. de Necker,... *Elementa botanica*... evulgata. Tribus voluminibus divisa, cum 63 tabulis aeri incisis, volumine separato collectis. Accedit *Corollarium* ad philos, botan. Linnaei spectans; cum *Phytozoologia philosophica* lingua gallica conscripta. Tomus i \[-iii\]. Neowedae ad Rhenum apud Societatem typographicam. Prostat Argentorati \[Strassburg\] apud Amand Koenig 1791." Oct. – For the separate issues of the *Corollarium* and the *Phytozool. philos*, see below. *1*: portr., p. \[iii, t.p.\]-x, \[xi\]-xxxii, \[1\]-389. *2*: \[i\], \[1\]-460. *3*: \[i\], \[1\]-456; *Corollarium* p. \[i\], \[1\]-29. \[30-31, note\]; *Phytozool. philos*.: \[1\], \[1\]-78. \[1 err.\]; *Plates*: *i-xi, xi*\[*bis*\], *xii-xli, xli*\[*bis*\]. *xlii-xlv*, \[*xlvbis, ter\], xlvi-lii, lii*\[*bis*\], *liii, liii*\[*bis*\], *liv-liv*\[bis\] (uncol. copp.). *Editio secunda*: 1808. *Copy*: MO. – "Nat. Jos. de Nccker,... *Elementa bolanica*... evulgata. Cum tabulis scparatis. Tomus primus \[-tertius\]. Editio secunda. Moguntiae \[Mainz\] 1808. Apud F. Kupferberg." Oct. *1*: \[i\]-xxxii, \[1\]-389. *2*: \[i-iii\], \[1\]-460. *3*: \[i-iii\], \[1\]-456, *pl. i-xi, xi*\[*bis*\], *xii-xiii, xiii*\[*bis*\], *xiv-xli, xli*\[*bis*\], *xlii-xlv, xlv*\[*bis*\], *xlvi-lii, lii*\[*bis*\], *liii. liii*\[*bis*\], *liv*(uncol. copp.). *Note*: The original edition was published at the same time as the *Corollarium* and the *Phytozoologie philosophique*. The three publications were sold together but were also obtainable separately. The nomenclatural status of Necker's *species nalurales* (in fact genera) is dealt with by ICBN Art. 20.4(b). Since Necker designated this category as "species," the monomial names (which are in many cases the generic names of previous authors) are to be regarded as unitary designations of species and hence to be regarded as not validly published. For taxonomic purposes Necker's categories have the following equivalents, however: *proles* =species, *species naluralis* = genus, *species composila* = family or order, *genus genuinus* = classis. – For a discussion on the status of these name of "species naturales" see Mansfeld 1958, Proskauer (1958, 1959), Bullock 1959, Dandy and Ross 1958, ST p. 74-75 and Willmott (1935). – For a critical and enlightening commentary see the review of the 1791 "edition'in GGA 1791: 1644. 13 Oct. *Note*: J. E. Dandy prepared a list of Necker's names as used in his *Elemenla* with their present nomenclatural equivalents. Copies of this typescript are in various libraries (BM, US, FAS). The compilers of the *Index nominum genericorum* (*planlarum*) (1979) made ample use of this list which was made available to them for this purpose by its author. ##### n.6671. Corollarium **Title** Nat. Jos. de Necker,... *Corollarium*ad Philos. botanicam Linnaei spectans, generis, speciei naturalis &c., vegetabilium omnium detectorum; fructuum diversorum aliarumque fructificationis partium definitiones expletas, continens, cum tabulis separatis. Neowedae ad Rhenum (apud Societatem Typographycam \[sic\]) 1790. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Corollarium*. **Notes** *Orig. ed*.: Apr(?) 1790 (see *Elem. bol.*) p. \[1\]-29, \[30-31\]. *Copies*: BR, MO, US; IDC 6092. *Neuwied/Strassburg ed*.: 1790, p. \[1\]-29, \[30-31\]. *Copy*: G. – "Neowedae ad Rhenum, apud Societatem Typographicam) et Argentorati \[Strassburg\] (apud Amand. König, Bibliopolam). 1790. Oct. –Also included in USDA copy *of Elem. bol.* 1791 ed. *Note*: Some of the copies of the *Corollarium* are accompanied by the *63 plates* of the *Elemenla*. ##### n.6672. Phytozoologie philosophique **Title** *Phytozoologie philosophique*, dans laquelle on démontre comment le nombre des genres & des espèces, concernant les animaux & les végétaux, a été limité & fixé par la nature; avec les moyens de donner l'histoire la plus complette & la plus parfaite de ces corps organisés différens, selon la découverte du systême naturel, par Noel Joseph de Necker,... À Neuwied sur le Rhin, (chez la Société typographique), et à Strasbourg) chez Amand König, Libraire) 1790. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Phytozool. philos.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Apr(?) 1790 (see *Elem. bol*), frontisp. portr. author, p. \[i-iv\], \[1\]-16, \[1\]-78, \[1, errata\]. *Copies*: G, M, MO; IDC 245. – The set of pages \[1\]-16 (with a bibliography of Necker on p. 11-16) may also occur in the *Elem. bol.* The *Elemenla bolanica plaies* are bound with the G copy of the *Phytozoologie*.