> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 212](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33068454) of TL-2 Vol. II > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/12552-1) LSID 12552-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063155) QID Q2063155 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Hitchcock, Albert Spear (né Jennings) (1865-1935), American botanist, leading agrostologist, at Ames (1885-1889), St. Louis (1889-1891), Manhattan, Kansas (1892-1901), USDA Washington 1901-1935; "eager explorer, far-seeing botanist, and wise promoter of scientific research in America" (Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1925, in copy presented to Hitchcock). **Abbreviated name**: *Hitchc* \[standard form in IPNI: *Hitchc.*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection US|US]] (grass herbarium), older collections partly at [[Collection MO|MO]] (e.g. Bahamas 1890) and [[Collection NY|NY]]. Duplicates from his many collecting trips in many herbaria (see IH). *Exsiccatae*: *American grasses* (cent. 1-10, 1914-1929) at [[Collection BM|BM]], [[Collection C|C]], [[Collection K|K]], [[Collection L|L]], [[Collection P|P]], [[Collection US|US]], [[Collection W|W]]. Sets of 1000 dried specimens entitled *Flora of Kansas*, Manhattan, Kansas, (25 sets) were announced by Nat. Nov. Aug(2) 1897. (*Flora of Kansas*, a series of maps... Manhattan 1899, was a set of 20 plates with 1298 maps and 3 p. text; Nat. Nov. Sep(1) 1899). #### Bibliography and biography Backer p. 652; Barnhart 2: 182; BFM 2281; BL 1: 172, 173, 179, 181, 227, 301; BM 2: 849, 6: 468; Bossert p. 177; CSP 15: 869, 16: 943; Hirsch p. 125; Hortus 3: 1195; IH 2: 277-278; Kew 2: 694-696; Langman p. 371-372; Lenley p. 224; LS 12342-12348, 34632-34633; MW p. 182-182; NAF 28B(2): 335, ser. 2. 2: 160, 4: 43, 5: 242, 7: 40; Plesch p. 265; Rehder 5: 394-395; SK 1: 233; SO 3064, 498, 499, 3507; TL-2/778, 781; Tucker 1: 343; Zander ed. 10, p. 670. - Allan \[H.H.A.\], New Zealand J. Sci. Techn. 17(6): 779. 1936; Bull. Acad. int. Géogr. bot. 9(122): I. 1900 (election as director of this Academy) (portr.); Kansas Industrialist 62 (no. 24): 25 Mar 1936 (portr.); Sci. News Letter 10 Dec 1938, p. 381. - Boone, W., Hist. bot. W. Virginia 173. 1965. - Chase, A., Address on A. S. Hitchcock, read at meeting Bot. Soc. Washington, 1 Dec 1936, mss. (12 p.) at US; Science 83(2149): 222-224. 1936. - Chase, A. and Rendle, A. B., J. Bot. 74: 54-55. 1936. - Ewan, J., Rocky Mountain Naturalists 230. 1950; Short hist. bot. U.S. 14, 20. 1969. - Hitchcock, A. S., A botanical trip to Mexico. Sci. Monthly 8: 129-145, 216-238. 1919; Science ser. 2. 53: 312-314. 1921 (Type-basis code). - Hoehne, F. C., Jard. bot. São Paulo 72. 1941 (portr.). - Hubbard, C., Nature 137: 216. 1936. - Hultén, E., Bot. Not. 1940: 293, 323-324. 1940. - Humphrey, Makers of North Amer. Bot. 109-110. 1961. - Keng, Yi-li, Science Ku Shu 20(9): 763-764. 1936 (in Chinese; portr.). - Léon, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. nat. 10(2): 131-134. 1936. - Levyns, M. R. B., Insnar'd with flowers 103. 1977. - McVaugh, R., Edward Palmer: plant explorer 103. 1956; Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9: 247-248. 1972 (Mexican itin.). - Merrill, E. D., Gontr. U.S. natl. Herb. 30(1): 151-152. 1947 (bibl. Pacific Isl.). - Millspaugh, Field Mus. Bot. 2(3): 141. 1906 (coll. Bahamas), 2(7): 290. 1909 (133 sheets of Bahamian coll. at F, from Hitchcock's "Florida herbarium" at F). - Murrill, W. A., Hist, found, bot. Florida 18. 1945. - Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 3(2): 113-119. 1936 (portr., bibl.). - Phillips, V. T. and M. E., Guide mss Coll. Acad. Phila. p. 239, 450. 1963. - Pfeiffer, Revista sudamer. Bot. 3: 203-204. 1936 (portr.). - Sprague, T. S., Bull. misc. Inf. Kew 1936: 107-109. - Urban, I., Symb. ant. 1: 70-71. 1898, 3: 61. 1902. - Verdoorn, F., Chron. bot. 2: 309. 1936 (portr.), 3: 335. 1937. - Wittrock, V. B., Acta Horti Berg. 3(3): 197. 1905. - Woodward, C., J. New York Bot. Gard. 37: 26. 1936. #### Note Hitchcock, like his West Coast contemporary H. M. Hall, was one of the early proponents of setting up an *International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy*. He tried to implement Hall's idea at the International Botanical Congresses of Cambridge (1930) and Amsterdam (1935). At the latter Congress he succeeded in obtaining agreement on the founding of a "Standing Committee for urgent taxonomic needs" which was charged to start the compilation of an *Index herbariorum* (taken on initially by J. Lanjouw) and to further the compilation of a *Type-register* as advocated by the Committee on Nomenclature of the Botanical Society of America (chairman: Hitchcock) (see no. 2819, Hitchcock 1934). Hitchcock's ideas on nomenclature made him a staunch supporter of the type method and it is for a great part due to him that this principle was introduced in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Hitchcock died on 16 Dec 1935, on board the SS. City of Norfolk, on his return voyage to the U.S., after having visited Europe to attend the Amsterdam Botanical Congress and having spent time in the major European herbaria. His library and manuscripts are at US. #### Composite works - (1) *Gramineae*, in Jepson, A flora of California 82-189. 30 Apr 1912 (TL-2/3341). - (2) *Gramineae, in* A. Gray, *Manual*, ed. 7. 1908 (TL-2/2124). - (3) Gramineae, *in* Urban, Symb. ant. 7: 166-170. 15 Jun 1912. - (4) *Poaceae, in* NAF 17(3): 198-288. 20 Dec 1915; 17(4): 289-354. 14 Aug 1931; 17(5): 355-418. 17 Mai 1935; 17(6): 419-482. 5 Sep 1935; 17(7): 483-542. 31 Mar 1937; 17(8): 543-568. 14 Jul 1939 (TL-2/781). #### Eponymy *Hitchcockella* A. Camus (1925). ### Publications ##### n.2796. A catalogue of the Antophyta and Pteridophyta of Ames, Iowa **Title** *A catalogue of the Antophyta and Pteridophyta of Ames, Iowa*. \[St. Louis (Printed by R. P. Studley & Co.)\] 1891. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Cat. Antoph. Ames*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 4 Feb 1891 (date on cover), p. 477-532. *Copies*: MO, US, USDA. – Contributions from the Shaw School of Botany no. 7. Preprinted from Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5(3). 1892. ##### n.2797. A key to the genera of Manhattan plants **Title** *A key to the genera of Manhattan plants*, based on fruit characters... Manhattan, Kansas \[(Mercury Publishing House)\] September 24, 1894. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Key Manhattan pl.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 24 Sep 1894 (t.p.; Nat. Nov. Nov(1) 1894; F.V. Coville rd. his copy (US) on 16 Oct 1894), cover, p. \[1\]-35. Copies: NY, US. ##### n.2798. A key to the spring flora of Manhattan **Title** *A key to the spring flora of Manhattan*... Manhattan, Kansas (Mercury Publishing House) 1894. Oct. (size). **Abbreviated title**: *Key spring fl. Manhattan*. **Notes** *Publ*.: Mar-Apr 1894 (F. V. Coville rd his copy on 20 Apr 1894), p. \[1\]-35. *Copies*: NY, US. ##### n.2799. North American species of Leptochloa **Title** *North American species of Leptochloa*. Washington \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1903. Oct. (size). **Abbreviated title**: *N. Amer. Leptochloa*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 10 Feb 1903 (t.p.; Nat. Nov. Dec(2) 1903), p. \[1\]-24, *pl. 1-6* (plain). *Copies*: US(2). – U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 33, 1903. ##### n.2800. North American Species of Agrostis. Washington **Title** *North American Species of Agrostis. Washington* \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1905. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *N. Amer. Agrostis*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 29 Apr 1905 (t.p.; USD Ard. a copy 2 Mai 1905; Nat. Nov. Jul(2) 1905), p. \[1\]-68, *pl. 1-37* (uncol. liths.), *Copies*: G, NY, U, US, USDA. – U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 68, 1905. ##### n.2801. Types of American grasses **Title** *Types of American grasses*: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnaeus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux. Washington \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1908. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Types Amer. grasses*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 18 Jun 1908 (p. ii), p. \[i\]-\[v\], 113-158, i-v. *Copies*: U, US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 12(3), 1908. ##### n.2802. Catalogue of the grasses of Cuba **Title** *Catalogue of the grasses of Cuba*. Washington \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1909. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Cat. grasses Cuba*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 23 Mar 1909 (p. ii), p. \[i\]-v, 183-258, vii-xi. *Copy*: US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 12(6). ##### n.2803. The North American species of Panicum **Title** *The North American species of Panicum*. Washington \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1910. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *N. Amer. Panicum*. **Notes** *Co-author*: Mary Agnes Chase, née Merrill (1869-1963). *Publ*.: 22 Oct 1910 (p. ii), p. \[i\]-xiv, \[1\]-396. *Copy*: US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 15, 1910. ##### n.2804. Mexican grasses in the United States National Herbarium **Title** *Mexican grasses in the United States National Herbarium*. Washington \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1913. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Mexic. grasses*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 15 Jul 1913 (p. \[ii\]), p. \[i\]-v, 181-389, vii-xiv. *Copy*: US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 17(3), 1913. ##### n.2805. A text-book of grasses **Title** *A text-book of grasses* with especial reference to the economic species of the United States ... New York (The Macmillan Company) 1914. Oct. (size). **Abbreviated title**: *Text-book grasses*. **Notes** *Publ*.: Mai-Dec 1914 (p. vi: 12 Mai 1914), p. \[i\], frontisp., \[iii\]-xvii, \[xviii-xix\], 1-276, *fig. 1-63. Copies*: NY, US, USDA. ##### n.2806. Tropical North American species of Panicum **Title** *Tropical North American species of Panicum*. Washington \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1915. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Trop. N. Amer. Panicum*. **Notes** *Co-author*: Mary Agnes Chase, née Merrill (1869-1963). *Publ*.: 24 Jul 1915 (p. ii), p. \[i\]-ix, 459-539, xi-xii. *Copy*: US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 17(6), 1915. ##### n.2807. Grasses of the West Indies **Title** *Grasses of the West Indies*. Washington \[D.C.\]. (Government printing Office) 1917. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Grasses W. Ind.* **Notes** *Co-author*: Mary Agnes Chase, née Merrill (1869-1963). *Publ*.: 18 Aug 1917 (p. ii; J. Bot. Dec 1917), p. \[i\]-v, 261-471, vii-xviii. *Copies*: U, US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 18(7). 1917. *Ref*.: Rendle, A. B., J. Bot. 55: 355-357. 1917. ##### n.2808. Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity **Title** *Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity*... Washington \[D.C.\] (Government Printing Office) 1919. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Fl. D.C.* **Notes** *Co-author*: Paul Sarpenter Standley (1884-1963). *Publ*.: 1919, p. \[1\]-329, *pl. 1-42. Copies*: MICH, MO, NY, US, USDA. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. vol. 21. "It goes without saying that the nomenclature of the District Flora follows the American Code, rather than the so-called International Code forced down the throats of the Vienna Botanical Congress by a German majority and further manipulated by the same majority at the Brussels Congress; we can well understand why the French have never recognized it as valid, and why anybody but Germans or Austrians should so regard it has always been a puzzle, especially as the American Code is much more logical and cuts out autocracy. Internationalism is proving a dangerous principle to play with, and in many aspects has much to condemn it. The Washington botanists have followed the American Code consistently in almost every item except the use of duplicate binomials; they do not say why these have not been used; zoölogists have used them for many years without losing sleep, and *Sassafras* runs well with *Corvus Corvus*. We must, I suppose, conclude that our colleagues of the fifteen-mile circle around the national Capitol, or most of them, simply do not like to say *Catalpa Catalpa*, although by refusing such diction they lose the valuable suggestion that Linnaeus named the tree *Bignonia Catalpa*. Or may it be that they are influenced by the line of thought advanced by Engler at the Vienna Congress when we asked him why he objected and he told us principally that such names had made some of his students laugh! And so the risibility of juvenile Huns prevented their adoption at that highly amusing convocation". (N. L. Britton (1920), stepping in the shoes of Monroe.) It took another ten years to reach a less "dangerous" international agreement through people like Hitchcock himself, H. M. Hall, Rendle and Briquet. *Ref*.: Britton, N. L., Torreya 19: 244-246. 1920. - Britten, J., J. Bot. 58: 119. 1920. - Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 57(Lit.): 69. 1922. ##### n.2809. The genera of grasses of the United States **Title** *The genera of grasses of the United States* with special reference to the economic species. Washington \[D.C\] (Government Printing Office) 1920. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Gen. grasses U.S.* **Notes** *Orig*.: 20 Mar 1920, p. \[1\]-307, *pl. 1-20. Copies*: G, MICH, MO, NY, US, USDA; IDC 7557. – U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 772. – Nelson (1920):"At the present low ebb of systematic botany, due largely to the deplorable schism over the question of nomenclatorial rules, the appearance... is of capital importance..." *Revised ed*.: Mai 1936, Washington, D.C. (id.). Oct., p. 1-302, *pl. 1-20. Copies*: G, MICH, MO, U, US(2). *Ref*.: Nelson, Torreya 20: 84-88. 1920. ##### n.2810. Revisions of North American grasses **Title** *Revisions of North American grasses*. Washington \[D.C\] (Government Printing Office) 1920-1921. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Revis. N. Amer. grasses*. **Notes** *Co-author*: Mary Agnes Chase, née Merrill (1869-1963). *Publ*.: in three parts, p. \[1\]-77, 29 Mar 1920; 115-208, 1 Nov 1920; 209-234, 12 Feb 1921; accompanied by *pl. 1-32. Copies*: U, US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 22(1), (3), (4). ##### n.2811. Grasses of British Guiana **Title** *Grasses of British Guiana*. Washington \[D.C\] (Government Printing Office) 1922. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Grasses Brit. Guiana*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 24 May 1922 (stamp in some copies), p. \[i\]-v, *pl. 53, 439-515, vii-x. Copies*: U, US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 22(6), 1922. ##### n.2812. The grasses of Hawaii **Title** *The grasses of Hawaii*. Honolulu, Hawaii (Bishop Museum Press) 1922. **Abbreviated title**: *Grasses Hawaii*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1922 (J. Bot. Sep 1922), p. \[i\*\], \[i-iii\], 3(= 101) – 132(= 230), *pl. 31-35. Copy*: US. – Reprinted from Mem. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 8(3): 101-230. 1922. ##### n.2813. The North American species of Aristida **Title** *The North American species of Aristida*. Washington \[D.C\] (Government Printing Office) 1924. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *N. Amer. Aristida*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 21 Mai 1924 (stamped copy at US), p. \[i\]-v, 517-586, vii-viii. *Copy*: US. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 22(7), 1924. ##### n.2814. The North American species of Stipa **Title** *The North American species of Stipa*. Synopsis of the South American species of Stipa. Washington \[D.C\] (Government Printing office) 1925. **Abbreviated title**: *N. Amer. Stipa*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 20 Nov 1925 (stamp in copy US; see also p. ii), p. \[i\]-vii, 216-262, 263-289, ix-xi, *pl. 50-52. Copy*: US. *Ref*.: Britton, Torreya 26: 93-95. 30 Oct 1926. ##### n.2815. Methods of descriptive systematic botany **Title** *Methods of descriptive systematic botany*. New York (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), London (Chapman & Hall, Limited) 1925. **Abbreviated title**: *Meth. syst. bot.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1925 (p. iv: Jun 1924; Bryologist 24 Oct 1925), p. \[i\]-vii, \[1\]-216. *Copy*: US. *Ref*.: Jennings, O. E., Bryologist 28(4/5): 69-70. 24 Oct 1925. ##### n.2816. The grasses of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia **Title** *The grasses of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia*. Washington \[D.C\] (Government Printing Office) 1927. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Grasses Ecuador*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 4 Mai 1927 (stamp in some copies; also p. ii). p. \[i\]-v, 291-556, vii-xx. *Copies*: US, USDA. – Contr. U.S. natl. herb. 24(8). 1927. ##### n.2817. Grasses of Canton and vicinity **Title** *Grasses of Canton and vicinity*. Canton, China, June, 1929. **Abbreviated title**: *Grasses Canton*. **Notes** *Publ*.: Jun 1929 (date printed on cover) or 4 Mar 1931 (note on the two copies at US), reprint with special cover from Lingnan Science Journal 7: 177-265. 1929 (1931); add., corr. in 10: 339-340. Aug 1931. *Copies*: US(2). ##### n.2818. The grasses of Central America **Title** *The grasses of Central America*. Washington \[D.C.\] (United States Government Printing Office) 1930. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Grasses C. Amer.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 12 Feb 1930 (p. ii), p. \[i, iii, v\], 557-762, xii-xvi. *Copies*: MO, NY, US, USDA. – Contr. U.S. natl. Herb. 24(9). 1930. ##### n.2819. Location of type specimens **Title** *Location of type specimens*. \[Washington, D.C. (Smithsonian Institution)\] s.d., 2 pars \[1934-1935\], mimeographed, one-sided. **Abbreviated title**: *Loc. type spec.* **Notes** *List 1*: Fall 1934, p. 1-19. *Copy*: FAS. *List 2*: 9 Aug 1935, p. 1, 1 bis, 2-28. *Copy*: FAS. Lists issued by Hitchcock on behalf of the Committee on nomenclature of the Botanical Society of America, constituting a forerunner of the modern type-registers. The publication of these lists was not continued, because of Hitchcock's death on 16 Dec 1935 after returning from Amsterdam where he had distributed his lists among some of the participants. ##### n.2820. Manual of the grasses of the United States **Title** *Manual of the grasses of the United States*. \[headline:\] United States Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication no. 200. Washington D.C. (United States Government Printing Office) 1935. 16mo. **Abbreviated title**: *Man. Grasses U.S.* **Notes** *Ed. 1*: 1-11 Mai 1935 (Hitchcock's copy marked in unknown hand: 1 Mai 1935; US copy stamped 11 Mai 1935; MO copy dated 5 Mai), p. \[i\], 1-1040. *Copies*: FAS, G, MICH, MO, U, US(3), USDA. – The date Feb 1935 on the original was corrected to Mai 1935 on the t.p. of the "1950" reprint. *Ed. 2*: revised by Mary Agnes Chase (1869-1963), Washington \[D.C\] (id.) 16-mo. 1950, *publ*.: 12 Feb 1951 (t.p.; stamped copy US), p. \[i\], 1-1051. *Copies*: MICH, MO(2), U, US, USDA. *Ed 2, reprint*: New York (Dover Publications Inc.) s.d. \[1971\], ISBN 0-486-22717-0, 2 vols., 1: \[i\], 1-569, 2: \[i, iii\], \[569\]-1051. *Copy*: US. "The synonymy alone (207 pages of it!) will be worth the price of the whole book to the pestered systematist" (Science News Letter 25 Mai 1935). Actually, the price of the book was only US $ I.75. *Ref*.: Rendle, A. B., J. Bot. 74: 28-29. Jan 1936 ("May Dr. Hitchcock long continue working at Grasses!" H. died 16 Dec 1935). ##### n.2821. Manual of the grasses of the West Indies **Title** *Manual of the grasses of the West Indies*... Washington \[D.C\] (Government Printing office) 1936. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Man. grasses W. Ind.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Nov 1936 (p. 1), p. \[i\], 1-439. *Copies*: NY, U, US. – Misc. Publ. no. 243, U.S. Dept. Agr.