> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 909](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33121040) of TL-2 Vol. I > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/3009-1) LSID 3009-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601687) QID Q2601687 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] > [!example] See also [[Gandoger, (Jean) Michel (Abbé) (Suppl.)|second entry]] for this author ### Author Gandoger, Michel (1850-1926), French botanist, one of the greatest "splitters" ever, plant collector, and rhodologist. **Abbreviated name**: *Gand.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Gand.*\] #### Herbarium and types [[Collection LY|LY]] (800.000). Duplicates in many herbaria, see Index herbariorum 2(2): 216. 1957. – The citations of localities on labels of duplicates distributed by Gandoger are not always trustworthy. Issued various sets of exsiccatae: *Flora algeriensis exsiccata, Flora gallia exsiccata, Plantae maroccanae, Flora hispanica exsiccata, Flora Africae bor*. *Ref*.: IH 1 (ed. 6): 358, 2: 216. - Gandoger, Rev. Bot. 1: 236-248. 1883 (on Algerian collections). - Urban, Gesch. Berlin-Dahlem 264, 348. 1916. - Beauverie, C. R. Congr. Soc. Sav. Paris 1935, Sect. Sci. 208-209. 1936. - Rothmaler, Taxon 11: 159. 1962. - Hedge and Lamond, Index coll. Edinburgh 82. 1970. - Sayre, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(3): 324. 1975. #### Bibliography and biography Barnhart 2: 27; BL 1: 45, 2: 657 \[Index\]; BM 2: 637, 6: 355; Bossert p. 139; CSP 7: 734, 9: 958, 12: 260, 15: 200-201; DTS 1: 81-82 ("Dieser Autor wird im vorliegenden Werke nicht mehr weiter berücksichtigt"); GR p. 321; IF p. 698; IF suppl. 2: 36, suppl. 3: 209; Langman p. 302; LS 9589-9591; MW p. 134. - Marchesetti, Atti Museo Cívico Storia nat. Trieste 9: 151. 1895. - Bay, Flora Gesamt-Register 26-100; 12. 1910. - Charbonnel, Bull. Soc. bot. France 74: 3-11. 1927 (bibl.) - Rickett, NAF 28B(2): 331. 1945, ser. 2. 2: 157. 1955. - McGillivray, Contr. N.S.W. natl. Herb. 4(6):319. 1973 (Gandoger's names of Australian plants). #### Handwriting The handwriting of the *Flora Europae* (mss reproduced by offset) is that of Gandoger himself. ### Publications ##### n.1937. Flore Lyonnaise **Title** *Flore Lyonnaise* et des départements du sud-est comprenant l'analyse des plantes spontanées et des plantes cultivées comme industrielles ou ornementales avec l'indication de quelques-unes de leurs propriétés principales précédée de notions élémentaires sur la botanique conformément au programme du baccalauréat és sciences. Paris, Lyon (Lecoffre Fils et Cie) 1875. Duod. **Abbreviated title**: *Fl. Lyon.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1875 (p. viii: Mar 1874), p. \[i\]-viii, \[1\]-LIV, \[1, abbr.\], \[1\]-322, \[1, cont.\] *Copies*: B, HH, M, U, US. *Ref*.: BM 2: 637; Jackson p. 286; Blake 2: 110. - Rickett, NAF ser. 2. 2: 157. 1955. ##### n.1938. Decades plantarum novarum **Title** *Decades plantarum novarum* praesertim ad floram Europae spectantes. Paris (F. Savy) 1875-1880, 3 fasc. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Dec. pl. nov.* **Notes** *Publ*.: *1*. (dec. 1-12): 1875, p. \[i-iii\], \[1\]-46. *Copies*: MO, NY. *2*: (dec. 13-20): 1876 (Flora rd. Feb 1877), 46 p.; *3*: 1880 (Nat. Nov. Sep 1880). "Enthält nur neue Namen für längst bekannte europäische Pflanzen" (Bot. Jahresber. 6(2): 526. 1878). – Fasc. 2 is reprinted from Bull. Soc. agrie, sci., litt. Pyrénées-Orientales no. 22. *Ref*.: BM 2: 637; Jackson p. 220, 226. ##### n.1939. Essai sur une nouvelle classification des roses **Title** *Essai sur une nouvelle classification des roses* de l'Europe, de l'Orient et du bassin méditerranéen. Paris (F. Savy) 1876. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Essai class. roses*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1876, p. \[1\]-47, \[48, cont.\] *Copies*: MO, NY, U. – Reprinted with independent pagination from Bull. Soc. agric., sci. litt. Dépt. Pyrénées-Orientales no. 22. – Spanish translation: Barcelona 1880, Oct. (*n.v.*) *Ref*.: Jackson p. 227. ##### n.1940. Rosae novae Galliam **Title** *Rosae novae Galliam* austro-orientalem colentes. Paris (F. Savy) 1877-1878, 2 fasc. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Ros. nov. Gall.* **Notes** *Fasc. 1*: 1877, p. \[1\]-25. *Copies*: MO, NY. – Reprinted with independent pagination from Flora 60: 233-239. 21 Mai 1877, 248-256. 1 Jun 1877, 262-270. 11 Jun 1877. *Fasc. 2*: 1878, p. \[1\]-44. *Copies*: MO, NY. – Reprinted idem from Flora 61: 369-382. 21 Aug 1878, 392-400. 1 Sep 1878, 401-407. 11 Sep 1878, 422-432. 21 Sep 1878, 445-448. 1 Oct 1878. *Ref*.: BM 2: 637; Jackson p. 275. ##### n.1941. Menthae novae **Title** *Menthae novae* imprimis Europaeae cum tabulis dichotomicis illustratae... Fasciculus I. \[Paris\] 1881. Oct. †. **Abbreviated title**: *Menth. nov.* **Notes** *Publ*.: A reprint of an article published in Bull. Soc. natur. Moscou 56(2): \[223\]-277. 1881, reprint announced by Nat. Nov. only in Oct 1882. – Two further "fascicles" appeared in the same journal 75(2): 235-298. 1882 and 58(1): 14-102. 1883. *Copy*: MO. *Ref*.: BM 2: 637; DTS p. 82. ##### n.1942. Flora Europae **Title** *Flora Europae* terrarumque adjacentium sive enumeratio plantarum per Europam atque totam regionem mediterraneam cum insulis atlanticis sponte crescentium, novo fundamento instauranda. Paris (F. Savy), London (Bernard Quaritch), Berlin (Friedländer und Sohn) 1883-1891, 27 vols. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Fl. Eur.* **Notes** |vol. |pages |date Nat. Nov. |date t.p.| |--- |--- |--- |--- | |1 |\[i-ii\], \[1\]-440, \[1\] |Mar 1884 |1883| |2 |\[i\], \[1\]-453 |Nov 1884 |1884| |3 |\[i-v\], \[1\]-221 |Dec 1884 |1884| |4 |\[i-v\], \[1\]-398 |Apr 1885 |1885| |5 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-293 |Mai 1885 |1885| |6 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-359 | |1885| |7 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-337 |Mar 1886 |1885| |8 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-\[397\] |Mai 1886 |1886| |9 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-345 |Aug 1886 |1886| |10 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-302 |Sep 1886 |1886| |11 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-318 |Jan 1887 |1886| |12 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-285 | |1887| |13 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-503 |Jan 1888 |1887| |14 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-438 |Jul 1888 |1888| |15 |\[i-v\], \[1\]-400 |Aug 1888 |1888| |16 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-391 |Apr 1889 |1889| |17 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-473 |Jun 1889 |1889| |18 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-393 |Apr 1890 |1889| |19 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-382 |Jul 1890 |1890| |20 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-224 |Jan 1892 \[sic\] |1890| |21 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-243 |Jan 1892 |1890| |22 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-324 |Sep 1890 \[sic\] |1890| |23 |\[i-v\], \[1\]-329 |Jan 1892 |1890| |24 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-323 |Apr 1891 \[sic\] |1890| |25 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-428 |Jan 1892 |1891| |26 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-326 |Oct 1893 |1891| |27 |\[i-vii\], \[1\]-314 |Oct 1893 |1891| *Copies*: MO, NY, U. A manuscript pseudomechanically reproduced by lithography and as such effectively published. All generally known species of the time are cited in the usual way but also (mostly) subdivided in numerous microspecies. These microspecies are designated by binomials. Gandoger accepted therefore two categories of species. The category for which he used the conventional names can be chosen by us as Gandoger's category of species as understood by the Code; this is purely a choice of convenience. The second category is then infraspecific; the binomials denoting those taxa are not validly published and can be disregarded for purposes of nomenclature (ICBN, Art. 24). The use of two ranks of species also contravenes ICBN, Art. 33. The Eleventh International Botanical Congress (Seattle 1969) decided to cite Gandoger's *Flora europae* as an example under this article making it clear that the binomials denoting Gandoger's microspecies (second category) are not validly published; this aim could also have been achieved by applying Art. 4, para 2, in view of the element of confusion (McGillivray 1972). These 150.000 of infraspecific binomials are now placed outside the domain of botanical nomenclature. The circumstance that Gandoger regarded his micro-species as his "true" species does not take away the circumstance that he accepted binomial nomenclature for the conventional species as well in the same publication. A "fair" solution of this problem is difficult to reach; the Code now recognises the circumstance that Gandoger's "specific binomials" have been consistently ignored (correctly, from the nomenclatural point of view) by the great majority of botanical authors. For a discussion pro and contra see Fuchs (1960), Rothmaler (1962), Greuter (1968, 1968), Meyer (1969), and Almborn (1969, 1972). *Ref*.: BM 2: 637; DTS 1: 82. - Britten, J. Bot. 21: 64. 1883 ("we look forward with alarm to the myriads of new and useless names which this publication is almost certain to bring upon us.") Wilmott, Bull. misc. Inf. Kew 1935: 91. - Fuchs, Bull. Soc. bot. France 107: 108-112. 1960. - Rothmaler, Taxon 11: 156-160. 1962. - Greuter, Candollea 23: 81-100. 1968. - Greuter, Taxon 17: 456-457. 1968. - Meyer, Taxon 18: 415-420. 1969. - Almborn, Bot. Not. 122: 148-150. 1969, 125: 201-202. 1972. - McGillivray, Taxon 21: 717-719. 1972. ##### n.1943. Monographia Rosarum Europae et Orientis **Title** *Monographia Rosarum Europae et Orientis*. Paris (F. Savy, J.-B. Baillière) 1892-1893, 4 vols. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Monogr. Ros. Eur.* **Notes** *Publ*.: A lithographed manuscript, to be accepted as validly published under Art. 29 (see para. 2). |vol. |pages |dates BF |dates Nat. Nov.| |--- |--- |--- |--- | |1 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-338 |26 Mar 1892 |Apr 1892| |2 |\[i-iii\], \[1\]-486 |3 Sep 1892 |Sep 1892| |3 |\[i\], \[1\]-418 |20 Jun 1893 |Jul 1893| |4 |\[i-v\], \[1\]-599 |2 Oct 1893 |Nov 1893| *Copy*: NY. *Ref*.: BM 2: 637. ##### n.1944. Flora cretica **Title** *Flora cretica*. Paris (A. Hermann et Fil., L'Homme, Masson) 1916. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Fl. cret.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Dec 1916 (preface), p. \[i\], 1-181. *Copies*: HH, US. – A handwritten manuscript, lithographed, effectively published. ##### n.1945. Catalogue des plantes récoltées en Espagne et en Portugal **Title** *Catalogue des plantes récoltées en Espagne et en Portugal* pendant mes voyages de 1894 à 1912. Paris (Hermann, L'Homme, Masson) 1917. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Cat. pl. Espagne*. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1917 (p. iii: 15 Mars), p. \[i-iv\], 1-378. *Copies*: HH, US. – Handwritten manuscript, lithographed, effectively published.