> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 731](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33120862) of TL-2 Vol. I > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/12494-1) LSID 12494-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123996) QID Q123996 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] ### Author Ehrhart, Jakob Friedrich (1742-1795), German botanist of Swiss origin, pupil of Linnaeus, government botanist of Hannover at Herrenhausen 1780-1795. **Abbreviated name**: *Ehrh.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Ehrh.*\] #### Herbarium and types Karavaev and Barsukova (1968) report the existence of a considerable part of Ehrhart's herbaria at Moscow University ([[Collection MW|MW]]). The herbarium was acquired by this University in 1826 (through G. F. Hoffmann). Five series of exsiccatae were acquired in 1840. A number of Ehrhart plants is also at [[Collection LE|LE]], [[Collection LINN|LINN]], and [[Collection UPS|UPS]]. Another part of Ehrhart's herbarium is at [[Collection GOET|GOET]]. – Ehrhart's own herbarium contained a number of specimens from Linnaeus and Broberg. *Exsiccatae*: Ehrhart was one of the originators of the practice of selling series of exsiccatae. Karavaev and Barsukova give many details. The seven series of exsiccatae listed below number in all 1620 species of plants, arranged in accordance with the Linnaean system. In all Ehrhart seems to have handled 16-20.000 specimens. The series are (see the Beiträge for occasional further details): 1. *Phytophylacium Ehrhartianum* (10 decades, nos. 1-100, Hannover 1780-1785), various sets known, e.g. [[Collection B|B]], [[Collection BM|BM]], [[Collection K|K]], [[Collection MW|MW]], [[Collection UPS|UPS]]. Some of the names proposed for plants in this series are unitary designation of species as mentioned in Article 20 of the ICBN (see also Beiträge 4: 145-150. 1789). 2. *Plantae cryptogamae Linneae* (32 decades, nos. 1-320. Hannover 1785-1795, incl. 8 'supplementary' ones), several sets known, [[Collection GOET|GOET]] and [[Collection UPS|UPS]] complete, [[Collection HAL|HAL]] and [[Collection MW|MW]] incomplete. 3. *Calamariae, Gramina et Tripetaloideae Linnaei*, quas in usum botanicophilorum collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart (14 decades) 1785\[1787?-\]-1793 793. Hannover (no complete sets known). See also Beiträge 6: 80-84. 1791. 4. *Plantae officinales* quas in usum studiosorum medicinae, chirurgiae et pharmaceutices collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart. 46 or more (60?) decades, 1785\[-1793?\] (no set known). 5. *Arbores, frutices et suffrutices Linnaei* quas in usum dendrophilorum collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart. 12 main decades, 1787-1790, 4 supplementary decades, 1792-1793. 160 species of woody plants, some of them from America. (Only set known [[Collection MW|MW]]). See also Beiträge 5: 158-162. 1790. 6. *Plantae selectae hortuli proprii* quas in usum botanophilorum exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart. 16 decades 1791-1792. Plants grown in Ehrhart's garden from Austria, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Hungary, Switzerland, France, America, China, Japan, Ceylon, Madeira, Cape of Good Hope, Russia. Ehrhart received seeds from Gaertner and also from Joh. Sievers (complete sets at [[Collection B|B]], [[Collection M|M]] and [[Collection MW|MW]], a further set at [[Collection K|K]], plants in the herbarium, text in the library). 7. *Herbae Linnaeanae*, quas in locis earum natalibus collegit et exsiccavit Fr. Ehrhart. 12 main and 4 supplementary decades, 1787-1789-1793. (Only set known at [[Collection MW|MW]]). See also Beiträge 5: 175-179. 1790. *Ref*.: IH 1 (ed. 6): 358, 2: 179; KR p. 153. - Wikström, Conspectus 55-57. 1831. - Meyer, Chloris hanoverana iv-v. 1836. - Arnold, Flora 63: 542-546, 547-554, 563-573. 1880. - Fries, Flora 64: 220-224. 1881. - Anon., Flora 65: 403-411. 1882. - Urban, Gesch. Berlin-Dahlem 343. 1916. - Britten, Friedrich Ehrhart and his exsiccatae. J. Bot. 60: 318-327. 1922. - Karavaev and Barsukova, Friedrich Ehrhart's botanical collections in the Moscow University (in Russian). Bull. Mosc. Soc. Naturalists, Biol. ser. 73(3): 137-139. 1968. - Sayre, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(1): 19-20. 1969. - Wagenitz, Taxon 21: 287-289. 1972. #### Bibliography and biography ADB 5: 713-714; AG 2(1): 12; Barnhart 1: 499; BM 2: 516; Bossert p. 113; Dawson p. 304; GR p. 631; IF p. 695; Jackson p. 31, 427; JW 1: 442; KR p. 153; LS 7671-76756; NDB 4: 358-359; Oudemans 1: 238; PR 2645; SO 310, 503, 575, 3840. - Ehrhart \[autobiography in\], Ann. Bot. Usteri 19: 1-9. 1796. - Koppe, Bot. Taschenb. 1796: 219-225. 1796. - Dryander, Cat. bibl. hist. nat. Banks 5: 223 \[index\]. 1800. - Meusel, Lexicon teut. Schriftsteller 3: 53-55. 1804. - Wendland, Bonplandia 1858: 226-229. - Fischer-Benzon, *in* Prahl, Krit. Fl. Schleswig-Holst. 2: 14. 1890. - Alpers, Friedrich Ehrhart, Leipzig 1905, 452 p. - Wittrock, Acta Horti Berg. 3(3): 123. 1905. - Kräusel, *in* Dörfler, Botaniker Portr. 3/4: no. 38. 1907 (portr.) - Schulz-Halle, Jahresber. Westfäl. Provinzial-Vereins Wiss. Kunst, Bot., 42: 114-151. 1914, 44: 76-87. 1916 (floristics Westphalia). - Barnhart, Rhodora 22: 180-182. 1920. - Britten, J. Bot. 60: 318-327. 1922. - Suringar, Ned. kruidk. Arch. 36: 117-154. 1926 (portr., bibl.) - Suringar, Jaarb. Ned. Dendr. Ver. 1929: 91-104 (portr.) - Wein, Sv. Linné-Sällsk. Årsskrift 14: 72-84. 1932. - Rytz, Mitt. Berner naturf. Ges. ser. 2. 15: 25-28. 1957. - Chater and Brummitt, Taxon 15: 95-105. 1966 (subsp.) - Rauschert, Feddes Repert. 73(3): 222-225. 1966. - Stafleu, Linnaeus and the Linnaeans 145, 147, 260. 1971. - Stafleu, *in* Daniels and Stafleu, Taxon 21(1): 158. 1972. - Manitz, Taxon 24: 469-474. 1975. #### Eponymy *Ehrharta* Thunberg (1779, *nom. cons.*); *Ehrhartia* Wiggers (1780). ### Publications ##### n.1645. Beiträge zur Naturkunde **Title** *Beiträge zur Naturkunde*, und den damit verwandten Wissenschaften, besonders der Botanik, Chemie, Haus- und Landwirthschaft, Arzneigelehrtheit und Apothekerskunst. Hannover und Osnabrück 1787-1792, 7 vols. Oct.(1-4: Schmidtische Buchhandlung, 5-7: Christian Ritscher) **Abbreviated title**: *Beitr. Naturk.* **Notes** |vol. |pages |dates | |--- |--- |--- | |1 |\[i-viii\], \[1\]-192 |3 Apr-9 Mai 1787 | |2 |\[i-viii\], \[1\]-182 |8 Apr-31 Mai 1788 | |3 |\[i-viii\], \[1\]-183 |Jun-Jul 1788 | |4 |\[i-viii\], \[1\]-184 |3-19 Apr 1789| |5 |\[i-viii\], \[1\]-184 |18 Mar-11 Jun 1790| |6 |\[i-viii\], \[1\]-184 |Mai-Jul 1791| |7 |\[i-viii\], \[1\]-184 |Jul-Dec 1792| *Copies*: MO, NY, U. The articles in the *Beiträge* were previously published in various journals (see Manitz 1975): HM: Hannoverisches Magazin, Hannover, 1-28, 1763-1790. NHM: Neues Hannoverisches Magazin, idem, 1-12, 1791-1802. NMA: Neues Magazin für Aerzte. Leipzig, 1-20, 1779-1800, ed. E. G. Baldinger. G: Gartenkalender, 1-7, 1782-1789, ed. C. C. L. Hirschfeld. MJ: Medicinisches Journal, Göttingen, 1-34, 1784-1795, ed. E. G. Baldinger. MA: Magazin für Apotheker, Materialisten und Chemisten, Nürnberg 1-3, 1785-1787, ed. J. C. Elvert. AB: Annalen der Botanick, Leipzig, 1-6, 1791-1793, ed. P. Usteri. The origin of the *Beiträge* is as follows: (Manitz 1975) |vol. & no. Beitr. |pages Beitr. |original publ. |vol, pages orig. |date orig.| |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- |--- | |1 |3 |15-16 |HM |16:1601-1604 |18 Dec 1778| | |4 |17-18 |HM |17:257-258 |26 Feb 1779| | |6 |22-25 |HM |17:429-432 |2 Apr 1779| | | | |MA |2: 151-154 |1786| |1 |8 |33-34 |HM |17: 1003-1006 |6 Aug 1779| | |11 |43-51 |HM |17: 1057-1066 |20 Aug 1779| | |12 |51-57 |HM |18:355-362 |20 Mar 1780| | |14 |68-69 |HM |17:1501-1504 |22 Nov 1779| | |15 |70-76 |HM |17:1625-1632 |20 Dec 1779| | |18 |84-121 |HM |18:209-224 |18 Feb 1780| | | | | |225-240 |21 Feb 1780| | |19 |121-122 |HM |18:379-382 |24 Mar 1780| | |20 |123-128 |HM |18:929-936 |24 Jul 1780| | |22 |135-137 |HM |18:1329-1332 |20 Oct 1780| | |23 |138-145 |HM |19:417-425 |2 Apr 1781| | |24 |146-151 |HM |19:426-432 |2 Apr 1781| | |25 |151-155 |HM |20:361-364 |22 Mar 1782| | |29 |166-173 |HM |19:1089-1098 |27 Aug 1781| |2 |4 |16-24 |NMA |4:310-317 |post 12 Jul 1782| | | | |MA |2: 154-162 |1786| | |8 |32-37 |HM |20:475-480 |15 Apr 1782| | |9 |38-40 |NMA |4:330-332 |post 12 Jul 1782| | |11 |42-54 |NMA |4: 317-329 |post 12 Jul 1782 | |12 |54-66 |HM |20:529-544 |29 Apr 1782 | |13 |67-72 |G |2: 189-192 |Jun 1782-Jun 1783 | |14 |73-166 |HM |21:177-296 |10 Feb-7 Mar 1783 | |15 |167-177 |NMA |5:193-208 |post 11 Jun 1783 | |16 |177-179 |id. |id. |id. | |17 |180-182 |id. |id. |id. |3 |1 |1:19 |G |3:258-283 |1 Aug 1783-17 Mai 1784 | |2 |19-24 |G |3:283-290 |4 Aug 1783-17 Mai 1784 | |3 |25-36 |HM |21:1521-1536 |1 Dec 1783 | | | |NMA |6:41-51 |1784 | |6 |58-70 |HM |22:113-128 |26 Jan 1784 | | |70-82 |HM |129-144 |30 Jan 1784 | | |82-95 |HM |161-176 |6 Feb 1784 | |10 |109-124 |NMA |6:100-115 |post 10 Mar 1784| | |11 |125-132 |NMA |6:289-318 |12 Mai-7 Sep 1784| | |12 |132-136 |id. |id. |id.| | |13 |137-140 |id. |id. |id.| | |18 |154-166 |NMA |6: 335-347 |post 12 Mai 1784| | |21 |167-169 |HM |24:847-848 |3 Jul 1786| | |23 |171-183 |HM |22:1089-1104 |27 Aug 1784| |4 |4 |11-14 |G |4:150-155 |post 1 Sep 1784| | |5 |15-26 |G |4:189-204 |post 7 Sep 1784| | |6 |26-39 |HM |22:1585-1600 |13 Dec 1784| | |10 |59-60 |NMA |7(3): 2-3 |post 28 Mar 1785<br/>before 1 Aug 1785| | |11 |61-65 |G |5:175-181 |post Oct 1785| | |12 |66-76 |G |5:182-197 |post Oct 1785| | |13 |76-82 |G |6: 179-188 |1787| | |14 |82-93 |G |7: 174-190 |1789| |7 |8 |83-86 |NHM |1:1433-1438 |11 Nov 1791| | |9 |87 |AB |3:249 |Jul 1792| The botanical papers in the *Beiträge* which are not mentioned in this list appeared for the first time in the *Beiträge*. *Ref*.: BM 2: 516; Jackson p. 31; PR 2645; RS p. 82; ST p. 59-60; IDC 684. - Junk, Rara 144-145. 1926. - Manitz, Wiss. Z. Friedr. Schiller Univ. Jena, Mat. Nat. 24(4): 499. 1975. ##### n.1646. Verzeichniss der Bäume und Sträuche welche sich auf der Königl. Plantage zu Herrenhausen bei Hannover befinden. **Title** *Verzeichniss der Bäume und Sträuche welche sich auf der Königl. Plantage zu Herrenhausen bei Hannover befinden.* \[Hannover?\] (W. Pockwike Jun.) 1787. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Verz. Bäume Sträuche Herrenhausen*. **Notes** *Publ*.: Anonymous, but referred to as "Ehrh. Plantag." by Ehrhart himself in his *Beiträge*. The many new names are all *nomina nuda*; p. \[1\]-30, \[1 p. motto\]. *Copy*: HH (photographic copy of the original copy at B, now destroyed). *Ref*.: PR p. 450 sub Hannover; IDC 5919. - Rehder, J. Arnold Arb. 20: 137. 1939.