> [!cite] BHL link: this entry starts at [page 206](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33265883) of TL-2 Suppl. IV > Author links: [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/a/17308-1) LSID 17308-1, [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920184) QID Q920184 > Support pages: [[Abbreviations|abbreviations]], [[Layout key|layout key]], [[Cite TL-2|cite TL-2]] > [!example] See also [[Clements, Frederic Edward|first entry]] for this author ### Author \* Clements, Frederic Edward (1874-1945), American ecologist, mycologist, climatologist and neo-lamarckian philosopher, born at Lincoln, Nebraska, B.Sc. University of Nebraska 1894, A.M. 1896, Ph.D. 1898, married Edith Schwartz in Lincoln, Nebraska 1899, instructor and associate professor of botany and professor of plant physiology 1903-1906, professor 1906-1907, professor of botany at Univ. Minnesota 1907-1917, ecologist with the Carnegie Institution from 1917-1945. **Abbreviated name**: *Clem.* \[standard form in IPNI: *Clem.*\] #### Herbarium and types See TL-2/1: 510 and IH 2: 130. – *Cryptogamae formationum Coloradensium* has F.E. and E.S. Clements material. Cent. i-vi, 1906-1908, 614 nos., see also G. Sayre, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(1): 10. 30 Jun 1969 (gives precise dates). #### Bibliography and biography Ainsworth, Intr. p. 284, 324, 328; Barnhart 1: 357 (b. 16 Sep 1874, Lincoln, Nebr.); BL 1: 192, 195, 290; BM 1: 357, 6: 212-213; Clokie p. 146; CSP 14: 266; DAB suppl. 3; DSB 3: 317-318. 1971 (Ewan, bibl.); Ewan, ed. 1: 357 (list.), ed. 2: 43-44; GR p. 184, 208; GR, cat. p. 61; Hortus 3: 1190; IH 1(ed. 6): 189, 2: 130; Kew 1: 569-570; Langman p. 326, 345; Lenley p. 119; LS 5218-5222, 32.109, 32.110, 41.108; LS suppl. 5280-5281; Moebius p. 362, 375; MW p. 80; NCAB 34: 266-267; NI 366; NW p. 42; SBC p. 118; Stevenson p. 1238; TL-2/1: 510-511 and see indexes; Tucker 1: 160, 770; Urban-Berl. p. 261. #### Biofile - Abbe, E.C., Informal hist. Dept. Bot. Univ. Nimes 5. 1950. - Allison, E.M., Univ. Colorado Stud. 6: 55. Dec 1908 (work in Pike's Peak Region ecol. stud. 1896-1908). - Anon., Nat. Nov. 20: 440. 1898 (teacher of botany, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln), 25: 563. 1903 (Prof. ib.); Deut. Bot. Monatsschr. 16(8): 155. Aug 1898 (teacher of botany, Univ. Nebraska); Bot. Centralbl. 93(29): 80. 21 Jul 1903 (appt. asst. Prof. Bot. Univ. Nebraska); Bot. Jahrb. 34(2) (Beibl. 76): 41. 1904 (asst. Prof. Bot. Univ. Nebraska); Who was who in America 2: 119. 1950. - Barnhart, J.H., J. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 62. 1908, 12: 124. 1911. - Cabrera, A.L., Soc. Argent. Bot. Bol. 1: 223-234. 1926. - Carr, D.J. and S.G.M., eds., People and plants in Australia 288, 293. 1981. - Clements, E.G., Adventures in ecology. New York 1960, 224 p. (portr.); Nebraska Alumnus 57(6): 12-16. 1961 (on Pike's Peak lab.). - Clements, F.E., Dynamics of vegetation 1979, p. 1 (portr.). - Clements, F.E. and E.G. Clements, Frederic Edward Clements and Edith Schwarz Clements \[autobiogr.\], New York 1947 (12 p.). - Ewan, J., *in* L. Hafen, Colorado and its people 2: 24. 1948. - Ewan, J. et al., Short hist. bot. U.S. 163 (index, 11 refs.). 1969. - Hagen, J.B., Taxon 32(3): 406-407. 1983 (developm. experim. methods); J. hist. biol. 17(2): 251-257. 1984. - Hedge, I.C. and J.M. Lamond, Index coll. Edinburgh 70. 1970. - Humphrey, H.B., Makers of North American bot. 51-53. 1961. - Hunt Institution, Biogr. dict. bot. portr. coll. 77. 1972 (portr., b. 16 Sep 1874, Lincoln, Nebraska, d. 26 Jul 1945, Manitou, Colorado). - Karg, A.L., ed., Taxon 23(4): 613. 5 Sep 1974 (lists biogr. sketch of C. at Hunt Institution). - M., F., Naturw. Rundschau 21: 542. 1906; Sciences 23: 853-854. 1906 (on a bot. mountain laboratory). - Morton, A.G., Hist. bot. sci. 457. 1981. - Murrill, W.A., Hist. found. bot. Florida 43. 1945. - Pennell, F.W. and J.H. Barnhart, Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 603. 1935 (Scrophulariaceae of East Temper. N. Amer.). - Phillips, J., Ecology 35(2): 114-115. 1954 (tribute on his concepts in ecology). - Pool, R.J., Ecology 35(2): 109-113. 1954 (biogr., bibl.). - Rodgers, A.D., John Merle Coulter 312 \[index\]. 1944. - Rogers, D.P., Brief hist. mycol. N. Amer. ed. 2: 18, 30, 45, 69. 1981. - Sayre, G., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 19(1): 10. 1969. - Shantz, H.L., Ecology 26: 317-319. 1945 (portr.). - Stafleu, F. A., Taxon 23(5-6): 714. 1974 (portr., biogr. caption). - Stieber, M.T. and A.L. Karg, Huntia 5(3): 140. 1984 (letters). - Stevenson J.A., Beih. Nova Hedwigia 36: 88-90. 1971 (account Fungus exsicc.) - Tansley, A.G., J. Ecol. 34: 194-196. 1947. - Weber, W.A., Cryptog. format-Colorad. New York 1972, p.? #### Composite works - (1) *Guide to the spring flowers of Minnesota* by F.E. Clements, C.O. Rosendahl and F.K. Butters, 1908, see TL-2/4: no. 9522. - (2) *Guide to the trees and shrubs of Minnesota* by id., 1908, see TL-2/4: no. 9523. - (3) *Minnesota trees and shrubs*, see TL-2/4: no. 9525. - (4) *Guide to the autumn flowers of Minnesota*, see TL-2/4: no. 9526. - (5) With H.M. Hall, *Phylogen. meth.* 1923, see TL-2/2: no. 2279. - (6) With Roscoe Pound, *Phytogeogr. Nebraska* 1898, see TL-2/4: 367-368. – Review in Bot. Gaz. 25(5): 370-372. 16 Mai 1898, and Roth, E., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 8(4/5): 345-348. 1899. - (7) *The origin of the desert climax and climate*, by F.E. Clements *in* T.H. Goodspeed, ed., *Essays in Geobotany*, Berkeley, Calif. 1936, on p. 87-140. ### Publications ##### n.26.587. New species of fungi **Title** *New species of fungi*... \[University of Nebraska. Botanical Survey of Nebraska... Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. 1896\]. Oct. **Notes** *Co-author*: Roscoe Pound (1870-1964), see TL-2/4: 367-368. *Publ*.: 20 Jan 1896 (date on cover of period.), p. 5-23. *Copy*: B. – Published in Univ. Nebraska Bot. Survey 4: 5-23. 1896. ##### n.26.588. re-arrangement **Title** A *re-arrangement* of the *North American Hyphomycetes*... Reprinted in Advance Nov. 23, 1896. From Minnesota Botanical Studies... 1896. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Re-arrang. N. Amer. Hyphomyc.* **Notes** *First author*: Roscoe Pound (1870-1964), see TL-2/4: 367-368. *Publ*.: \[*1*\]: 23 Nov 1896 (date on cover-t.p.), cover-t.p., p. 644-673. *Copy*: G. – Preprinted from Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1(9): 644-673. 30 Nov 1896 (in journal). *2* (Concluded): 21 Apr 1897, cover-t.p., title recto of p. 726, p.726-738. *Copy*: G. – Id. 1(10-11): 726-738. 31 Mai 1897 (in journal). ##### n.26.589. polyphyletic disposition of lichens **Title** The *polyphyletic disposition of lichens*... \[The American Naturalist...\] 1897. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Apr 1897 (in journal), p. 277-284. *Copy*: G. – Reprinted and to be cited from Amer. Natural. 31: 277-284. 1897. ##### n.26.590. Peculiar zonal formations **Title** *Peculiar zonal formations* of the *great plains*... \[The American Naturalist...\] 1897. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Nov 1897 (in journal), p. 968-970. *Copy*: G. – Reprinted and to be cited from Amer. Natural. 31: 968-970. 1897. ##### n.26.591. method **Title** A *method* of *determining* the abundance of *secondary species*... from Minnesota Botanical Studies... 1898. Oct. **Notes** *First author*: Roscoe Pound (1870-1964), see TL-2/4: 367-368. *Publ*.: 15 Jun 1898 (in journal), cover-t.p., p. \[19\]-24. *Copy*: G. – Reprinted and to be cited from Minnesota Bot. Stud. 2(1): 19-24. 1898. ##### n.26.592. histogenesis of the Caryophyllales **Title** Contributions to the *histogenesis of the Caryophyllales* I. Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory University of Nebraska... 1899. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 1899, cover-t.p., p. \[97\]-160, *pl. 8-25.* *Copy*: G. – Reprinted and to be cited from Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 20: 97-160, *pl. 8-25.* 1899. – Also issued as Contr. Bot. Lab. Univ. Nebraska Histol. Ser. no. 1. ##### n.26.593. system of nomenclature for phytogeography **Title** A *system of nomenclature for phytogeography*... Beiblatt zu den Botanischen Jahrbüchern... \[Leipzig\] 1902. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 29 Aug 1902 (in journal; ÖBZ Oct-Nov 1902), cover (identif.), p. \[1\]-20. *Copies*: B, G, HH. – Reprinted and to be cited from Bot. Jahrb. 31(4/5) (Beibl. 70): 1-20. 1902. ##### n.26.594. Greek and Latin in biological nomenclature **Title** *Greek and Latin in biological nomenclature*... Lincoln, Nebraska (University Studies...) 1902. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Dec 1902 (date on cover-t.p.), cover-t.p., p. 1 \["321"\]-64 \["384"\], 65-85, \[86\]. *Copies*: B, HH, US. – Issued as University Studies \[Lincoln, Nebr.\] 3(1): 1-86. 1902 (also Univ. Bull. ser. 7. 13. 321-384, 65-\[86\]. 1902). ##### n.26.595. Nova ascomycetum genera speciesque **Title** *Nova ascomycetum genera speciesque*... Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club... 1903. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: 28 Feb 1903 (in journal), cover-t.p., p. 83-94. *Copies*: B, HH, L. – Reprinted and to be cited from Bull. Torrey bot. Club 30(2): 83-94. 1903. ##### n.26.596. Formation and succession herbaria **Title** *Formation and succession herbaria*... \[University Studies,... Lincoln, Nebraska... 1904\]. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Oct 1904 (date on p. \[1\]), cover-t.p., p. \[1\]-27. *Copies*: B, BM, MO. – Reprinted and to be cited from Univ. Studies \[Lincoln, Nebr.\] 4(4): 329-355. 1904. ##### n.26.597. Research methods in ecology **Title** *Research methods in ecology*... Lincoln, Nebraska (University Publishing Co.) 1905. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Res. meth. ecol.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1905 (Nat. Nov. Aug (1) 1905), p. \[i\]-xvii, \[1\]-334. *Copies*: BM, HH, MO. *Ref*.: Anon., J. Bot. 43: 385-386. Nov 1905. - Rendle, A.B., J. Bot. 44: 76-78. Feb 1906 (rev.). - Diels, L., Bot. Jahrb. 37(Lit.): 4-5. 23 Dec 1905. ##### n.26.598. Plant physiology and ecology **Title** *Plant physiology and ecology*... New York (H. Holt and Company) 1907. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Pl. physiol. ecol.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1907 (Nat. Nov. Dec (2) 1907), p. \[i\]-xv, \[1\]-315. *Copies*: BM, HH, MO. – "The present text has been based largely upon 'Research methods in ecology'" – Pref. ##### n.26.599. ecologic view **Title** An *ecologic view* of the *species conception*... Reprinted from The American Naturalist... 1908. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Apr 1908 (date on p. 253), cover-t.p., p. 253-264. *Copies*: G, L. – Reprinted and to be cited from Amer. Natural. 42: 253-264. 1908. ##### n.26.600. Darwin's influence **Title** *Darwin's influence* upon plant *geography* and ecology... Reprinted from The American Naturalist... 1909. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Mar 1909 (date on p. 143), cover-t.p., p. 143-151. *Copy*: G. – Reprinted and to be cited from Amer. Natural. 43: 143-151. 1909. ##### n.26.601. new genus of blue-green algae **Title** A *new genus of blue-green algae*... From Minnesota Botanical Studies... 1909. Oct. **Notes** *Co-author*: Homer LeRoy Shantz (1876-1958), see TL-2/5: 550-551. *Publ*.: 10 Jun 1909 (in journal), cover-t.p., p. 133-135, *pl. 20* (uncol. draw.). *Copy*: L. – Reprinted and to be cited from Minnesota Bot. Stud. 4(1): 133-135, *pl. 20.* 1909. ##### n.26.602. life history of lodgepole burn forests **Title** The *life history of lodgepole burn forests*... Washington... 1910. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Life hist. lodgep. for.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1910, p. 1-56, *plates*. – Issued by U.S.D.A., Forest Service Bull. no. 79. *Copy*: HH (fide Tucker 1: 160). ##### n.26.603. Minnesota mushrooms **Title** Minnesota plant Studies IV. *Minnesota mushrooms* illustrated... Minneapolis (University of Minnesota) 1910. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Minn. mushr.* **Notes** *Publ*.: Sep 1910 (date on t.p., ÖBZ Jul 1911), col. frontisp., p. \[i, iii, v\], \[1\]-169, 2 tab. *Copies*: G, HH, MO, U, W. *Ref*.: Anon., Mycologia 3(2): 93. 18 Mar 1911 (brief rev.). ##### n.26.604. Rocky Mountain flowers **Title** *Rocky Mountain flowers*. An illustrated guide for plant-lovers and plant users... White Plains, N.Y. and New York City (The H.W. Wilson Company) 1914. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Rocky Mt. fl.* **Notes** *Co-author*: Edith Schwartz Clements (1877-1971), see this suppl., above. *Publ*.: 1914 (ÖBZ 1 Jul 1914, Torrey bot. Club 25 Aug 1914, at NY rd. 15 Mar-15 Jun, Nat. Nov. Aug/Sep 1914), p. \[i\]-xxxi, \[1\]-392, *pl. 1-47. Copies*: BKL, HH, NY. *Field edition*: 1920, p. \[i\]-xxxi, \[1\]-392, \[*pl. 1-47?*\]. New York (The H.W. Wilson Co.) 1920. – Not seen by us. *Ed. 3*: 1963, p. \[i\]-xxv, \[1\]-390, *pl. 1-47. Copy*: Wheldon & Wesley 1974, no. 131. *Ref*.: Trelease W., Bot. Centralbl. 126(33): 184. 18 Aug 1914 (rev.). - Rickett, H.W., N.A.F. 18 B(2): 324. 1945. - White, O.E., Torreya 21(5): 86-87. Sep-Oct 1921 (rev. of Field edition). ##### n.26.605. Plant succession **Title** *Plant succession*, an analysis of the development of vegetation... Washington (published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1916. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Pl. success.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 28 Aug 1916 (stamp on p. \[ii\] giving date; Nat. Nov. Jan (1, 2) 1917), p. \[i\]-xiii, \[1\]-512, *pl. 1-61* (uncol. phot., *pl. 53* and *57* fold. tabl.). *Copies*: BM, MO, U. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Publ. no. 242. 1916. *Ref*.: Anon., Publ. in the field of Ecology, \[Catalogue\] information no. 242. Dec 1924. - Harshberger, J.W.C., Bot. Centralbl. 134(25): 394-395. Jun 1917. - Markgraf, Fr., Bot. Jahrb. 57(Lit): 27-30. 14 Mar 1922 (rev.). - Weaver, J.F., Torreya 17(4): 62-67. 10 Mai 1917 (rev.). - Wernham, H.F., J. Bot. 56: 92-95. Mar 1918 (rev.). ##### n.26.606. Plant indicators **Title** *Plant indicators*. The relation of plant communities to process and practice... Washington (Published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1920. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Pl. indicat.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1920, cover-t.p., p. \[i\]-xvi, 1-388, *pl. A* (col. soil profile), *pl. 1-92* (uncol. phot.). *Copies*: MO, U. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Publ. no. 290. 1920. *Ref*.: Anon., Publ. in the field of Ecology \[Catalogue\] information no. 290, Dec 1924. ##### n.26.607. Aeration and air-content **Title** *Aeration and air-content*, the rôle of oxygen in root activity... Washington (Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1921. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Aerat. air-cont.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1921, cover-t.p., p. \[1\]-183. *Copy*: MO. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Publ. no. 315. 1921. ##### n.26.608. ecology of flowers and insects **Title** Experimental pollination: An outline of the *ecology of flowers and insects*... Washington (The Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1923. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Ecol. fl. insects.* **Notes** *Co-author*: Frances Luise Long (fl. 1906-1923). *Publ*.: 1923 (ÖBZ 1 Jan-Feb 1925), p. \[i\]-vii, \[1\]-274, *17 pl*. *Copy*: MO. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Publ. no. 336. 1923. *Ref*.: Anon., Publ. in the field of Ecology, \[Catalogue\] information no. 336. Dec 1924, p. 142-143. ##### n.26.609. Experimental vegetation **Title** *Experimental vegetation*. The relation of climaxes to climates... Washington \[D.C.\] (Published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1924. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Exper. veg.* **Notes** *Co-author*: John Ernst Weaver (b. 5 Mai 1884). *Publ*.: Dec 1924 (date on t.p.; ÖBZ Mar-Mai 1925), p. \[i\]-vii, 1-172, *pl*. *1-15* (uncol. phot.). *Copies*: MO, U. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Publ. no. 355. 1924. ##### n.26.610. phytometer method in ecology **Title** The *phytometer method in ecology*, the plant and community as instruments... Washington (The Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1924. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Phytometer meth.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1924 (ÖBZ Mar-Mai 1925), p. \[i\]-vi, \[1\]-106, *11 pl*. *Copy*: MO. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Publ. no. 356. 1924. ##### n.26.611. Plant succession and indicators **Title** *Plant succession and indicators*. A definitive edition of plant succession *and plant indicators*... Washington (Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1928. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Pl. succ. indic.* **Notes** *Publ*.: 1928, p. \[i\]-xvi, \[1\]-453, *44 pl*. *Copies*: L, NY. *Facsimile reprint*: 1974, p. \[i\]-xvi, \[1\]-453, *44 pl*. *Copy*: FAS(B). – Published by Harper Press, New York and Collier Macmillan Publishers, London. *Ref*.: Anon. \[F.A.S.\], Taxon 23: 414. 6 Jun 1974 (note on the facsimile reprint). ##### n.26.612. Experimental methods in adaption **Title** *Experimental methods in adaption* and morphology... Cambridge (at the University...) 1929. Oct. **Notes** *Publ*.: Aug 1929 (date on cover-t.p.), cover-t.p., p. \[356\]-379. *Copy*: L. – Reprinted and to be cited from J. Ecol. 17(2): 356-379. 1929. ##### n.26.613. Plant competition **Title** *Plant competition*. An analysis of community functions... \[Washington D.C.\] (Published by Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1929. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Pl. compet.* **Notes** *Co-authors*: John Ernst Weaver (b. 5 Mai 1884), Herbert Christian Hanson (b. 19 Apr 1890). *Publ*.: Sep 1929 (date on p. iii, t.p.), p. \[i\]-xvi, 1-340, *pl*. *1-32* (uncol. phot.). *Copies*: MO, U. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Publ. no. 398. 1929. ##### n.26.614. Plant ecology **Title** *Plant ecology*... New York and London (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.) 1929. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Pl. ecol.* **Notes** *Senior-author*: John Ernst Weaver (b. 5 Mai 1884). *Publ*.: *Ed. 1*: 1929 (p. viii preface signed Mai 1929), p. \[iii-iv\], frontisp. (col. map), \[v\]-xx, 1-520. *Copies*: L(fifth impr.), U. *Ed. 2*: 1938 (p. vii preface signed Jan 1938), p. \[iii-iv\], frontisp. (col. map), \[v\]-xxii, 1-601. *Copies*: L(10-th impr.), U. – *Main author*: John Ernst Weaver. – Review by J.A. Small *in *Torreya 38(5): 126-127. 24 Oct 1938. *Ed. 2* (reprint): 1957, frontisp. (col. map), p. \[iii\]-xxii, 1-601. *Copy*: U. *Spanish ed*.: 1950, p. \[i\]-xxv, \[1\]-667, \[669\]. *Copy*: L. – Translation by Angel L. Cabrera; introduction of the Spanish version by Lorenzo R. Parodi. ##### n.26.615. Environment and life in the Great Plains **Title** *Environment and life in the Great Plains*... Washington D.C. (Carnegie Institution of Washington) 1936. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Environm. life Gr. Plains*. **Notes** *Co-author*: Ralph Works Chaney (b. 24 Aug 1890), see TL-2, this suppl. *Publ*.: 15 Aug 1936 (date on t.p.), cover-t.p., p. \[1\]-53, \[54\]. *Copies*: L, MO, U. – Issued as Carnegie Institution of Washington Suppl. Publ. no. 24. 1936. ##### n.26.616. Bio-ecology **Title** *Bio-ecology*... New York (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), London (Chapman & Hall,...) 1939. Oct. **Abbreviated title**: *Bio-ecol.* **Notes** *Co-author*: Victor E. Shelford. *Publ*.: 1939 (p. vi signed Nov 1938), p. \[iii\]-vi, \[vii\], \[1\]-425. *Copies*: MO, U.